Introduction

This week's newsletter dives into the economics of Ethereum. We provide a step-by-step explanation of how the Ethereum network is able to turn a profit. Further, we take a look at how Ethereum benchmarks against some of the leading financial services and technology companies in terms of dividend and buyback yields – two profit distribution-related metrics that are well-known in traditional finance, but rarely talked about in crypto.

Let’s dive in!

1. Ethereum Is a Profitable Blockchain

As a blockchain, Ethereum’s core business model is to sell blockspace to users in exchange for transaction fees. Since The Merge in September 2022, Ethereum has been able to charge higher transaction fees (higher revenue) and share less of the economics with the network’s validators (lower expenses). As a result, the Ethereum blockchain currently operates at a profit (higher earnings). In Q1 ‘24, Ethereum made a profit of $369.08 million.

2. Investors Do Care About Profitability and Cash Flow

Starting out, a company tends to put all effort into getting users. Once a company has users, it needs to figure out how to charge them to generate revenue. Finally, once a company matures, it tends to focus more on the cost structure and how to make sure that expenses do not exceed the revenues. When revenues exceed costs, the company is able to turn a profit.

A profitable company has two options:

1. reinvest the earnings back into the business to boost growth, or
2. distribute the earnings to shareholders.

Should a company decide to distribute the earnings to its shareholders, it can do it in two ways:

1. pay out the income as a dividend, or
2. conduct a share buyback and reduce the outstanding amount of shares.

In the former option, the investors earn a steady stream of income from the company, and in the latter, they get to benefit in the form of higher capital gains, as the reduced supply drives up the stock price.

There are two metrics that are widely used in TradFi to assess how much a company pays out to its shareholders:

3. Ethereum Lays Out a Path Forward for Blockchain-Based Businesses

Ethereum has a buyback yield of 0.23%, which means that the net income (earnings) it generated over the past 12 months – which was paid out in full to ETH holders through the fee burn mechanism – represents 0.23% of the network’s total market cap. In comparison, an established “protocol” like Visa, was able to pay out 0.71% of its market cap in dividends, and on top of that, buy back VISA shares to an amount that equals 2.25% of its $545.13 billion market capitalization.

It’s worth highlighting that the Ethereum network is only 9 years old, whereas the median age of the other S&P 500 companies on the list is 44 years. This goes to show how scalable (and profitable) Internet-native, blockchain-based businesses can be at best.

Ethereum is an outlier in terms of performance within the crypto market, but at the same time, also an example of what kind of growth is possible for the top performers in crypto. We believe that most entities on this list will be blockchain-based businesses in 10 years.

Relevant links:

1. Real-time onchain financials for Ethereum: https://tokenterminal.com/terminal/financial-statements/ethereum
2. Real-time onchain financials for Bitcoin: https://tokenterminal.com/terminal/financial-statements/bitcoin
3. Real-time onchain financials for Solana: https://tokenterminal.com/terminal/financial-statements/solana

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