# zkSync Era Average transaction fee Methodology

## 1. Overview

The zkSync Era average transaction fee metric measures the mean cost per transaction on the zkSync Era Layer 2 network, expressed in USD. This metric is calculated by dividing the total daily transaction fees by the number of transactions executed on each day. It provides insight into the cost efficiency of the zkSync Era network and helps users understand typical transaction costs.

## 2. Data sources

The calculation relies on the following raw data sources:
- **zkSync Era transaction records**: Complete blockchain transaction data including transaction hashes, gas usage, effective gas prices, block timestamps, sender and receiver addresses
- **End-of-day token price feeds**: USD pricing data for ETH to convert gas fees from native currency to USD
- **Account label metadata**: Contract and address labels for zkSync Era to identify and categorize different types of accounts (though not directly used in the average calculation)

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: Transaction fee extraction
- **Purpose**: Extract and process individual transaction fees from raw blockchain data
- **Logic**: The system retrieves all zkSync Era transactions with their gas consumption details. For each transaction, it extracts the `gas_used` (amount of gas consumed) and `effective_gas_price` (price per unit of gas in wei). The effective gas price is converted from wei to ETH by dividing by 10^18. Each transaction is associated with a hardcoded ETH token address (`0xc02aaa39b223fe8d0a0e5c4f27ead9083c756cc2`) since zkSync Era uses ETH for gas fees.
- **Key fields**: `block_timestamp`, `transaction_hash`, `gas_used`, `effective_gas_price`, `token_address` (hardcoded to WETH address)

### Component B: Daily fee aggregation  
- **Purpose**: Calculate total transaction fees per day in ETH
- **Logic**: Transaction data is grouped by day using timestamp truncation. For each day and token address combination, the system calculates the total fee amount by multiplying `gas_used` by `effective_gas_price` for each transaction, then summing these products across all transactions. This produces daily fee totals in ETH denomination.
- **Key fields**: `timestamp` (truncated to day), `token_address`, `fee_amount` (sum of individual transaction fees)

### Component C: USD conversion
- **Purpose**: Convert daily ETH fees to USD for standardized reporting
- **Logic**: The daily fee amounts in ETH are converted to USD using end-of-day price feeds. The conversion process uses the `convert_to_usd_and_correct_decimals` macro which applies appropriate exchange rates and handles decimal precision. The chain identifier is also updated from 'ethereum' to 'zksyncera' for proper categorization.
- **Key fields**: `fees` (USD-denominated), `chain_id` (recasted to 'zksyncera')

### Component D: Transaction counting
- **Purpose**: Count the number of unique transactions per day
- **Logic**: All zkSync Era transactions are grouped by day and other categorical dimensions including chain ID, market sector, and business segment. The system counts distinct transactions using `approx_count_distinct` on transaction hashes to get daily transaction volumes. Transactions can also be enriched with contract labels by joining with account dimension data, though this doesn't affect the count itself.
- **Key fields**: `timestamp`, `transaction_count` (approximate distinct count of transaction hashes), `chain_id`, categorical identifiers

### Final aggregation
- **Combining components**: The daily fee totals (in USD) are joined with daily transaction counts using the timestamp as the join key
- **Currency conversion**: Fees are already converted to USD in the fee calculation component using end-of-day price feeds
- **Time aggregation**: All data is aggregated to daily boundaries using timestamp truncation to day level
- **Final calculation**: The average transaction fee is calculated by dividing the total daily fees (USD) by the daily transaction count using safe division. Safe division ensures that days with zero transactions don't cause division errors and instead return null or zero values. The result represents the mean transaction cost in USD for each day.

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

Average transaction fee

zkSync Era

zkSync Era batches users' transactions and submits them to Ethereum together with a zero-knowledge proof, paying a share of the transaction fees to Ethereum validators (expense).

zkSync Era is an L2 smart contract platform for decentralized applications on Ethereum. zkSync Era was founded by Matter Labs and launched in 2023.

Matter Labs team owns and governs the protocol. Matter Labs' investors include a16z, Lightspeed Venture Partners, Blockchain Capital, etc.

zkSync EraZK

Average transaction fee

Average transaction fee

Competitive landscape

Chain breakdown