zkSync Era batches users' transactions and submits them to Ethereum together with a zero-knowledge proof, paying a share of the transaction fees to Ethereum validators (expense).

zkSync Era is an L2 smart contract platform for decentralized applications on Ethereum. zkSync Era was founded by Matter Labs and launched in 2023.

Matter Labs team owns and governs the protocol. Matter Labs' investors include a16z, Lightspeed Venture Partners, Blockchain Capital, etc.

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Blockchains (L2)

zkSync Era

# zkSync Era Average revenue per user (ARPU) Methodology

## 1. Overview

Average Revenue Per User (ARPU) measures the average amount of revenue generated per daily active user on the zkSync Era blockchain. This metric is calculated by dividing the total daily revenue (derived from gas fees paid by users) by the number of unique daily active users (transaction senders). ARPU helps assess the monetization efficiency and user value generation of the zkSync Era network.

## 2. Data sources

The calculation uses the following raw data sources:
- **zkSync Era transaction records**: Complete transaction data including gas usage metrics, gas prices, sender addresses, and block timestamps
- **End-of-day token price feeds**: ETH/USD price data for converting gas fees from ETH to USD
- **Token metadata**: Information about ETH/WETH token for proper decimal handling and price conversion

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: Daily revenue calculation

- **Purpose**: Calculates total daily revenue from gas fees paid by users
- **Logic**: Extracts all zkSync Era transactions and calculates gas fees by multiplying `gas_used` by `effective_gas_price` for each transaction. The `effective_gas_price` is already in wei units, so fees are converted to ETH by dividing by 10^18. All daily gas fees are summed together and then converted to USD using end-of-day ETH price feeds. The system uses WETH address `0xc02aaa39b223fe8d0a0e5c4f27ead9083c756cc2` as the fee token identifier.
- **Key fields**: `gas_used`, `effective_gas_price`, `block_timestamp`, `token_address`, `fee_amount`

### Component B: Daily active users calculation  

- **Purpose**: Counts unique users who executed transactions each day
- **Logic**: Identifies all transaction senders by extracting the `from_address` from each zkSync Era transaction. Users are classified as "Transaction sender" type within the "blockchains_l2" market sector and "blockchain" business segment. The system uses HyperLogLog (HLL) data structure for efficient distinct counting across multiple dimensions. Daily unique users are aggregated at the project level, chain level, user type level, and product level. For ARPU calculation, the project-level aggregation is used.
- **Key fields**: `from_address` (as `user_address`), `block_timestamp`, `user_type`, `chain`

### Final aggregation

- **Combining components**: The daily revenue in USD is divided by the count of daily active users to produce the ARPU value for each day
- **Currency conversion**: Gas fees are converted from ETH to USD using Token Terminal's end-of-day price conversion methodology, which handles decimal corrections and applies appropriate exchange rates
- **Time aggregation**: All data is aggregated to daily boundaries using timestamp truncation to day level, ensuring consistent daily reporting periods
- **Final calculation**: ARPU = Total Daily Revenue (USD) ÷ Daily Active Users count, with any missing days filled with zero values to maintain a continuous time series

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

zkSync EraZK

Average revenue per user (ARPU)

Average revenue per user (ARPU)

Competitive landscape