Validators process transactions and receive fees from users (supply-side fees). DA costs for users are reflected in the transactions fees paid.

Celestia is a proof of stake blockchain optimized for data availability (DA). Celestia was founded by Mustafa Al-Bassam, etc. and launched in 2023.

TIA holders own and govern the protocol. They currently do not take a cut of the total transaction fees paid by users (revenue). Celestia's investors include Polychain Capital, Placeholder, Coinbase Ventures, etc.

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Blockchains (L1)

Celestia

# Celestia Active users (daily) Methodology

## 1. Overview

Daily Active Users (DAU) measures the number of unique addresses that sent at least one transaction on the Celestia blockchain within a given day. This metric answers the business question: "How many distinct users are actively transacting on Celestia each day?" The calculation identifies unique transaction senders by parsing Celestia blockchain message events and counting distinct addresses per day.

## 2. Data sources

- **Celestia message events**: Raw blockchain events from the Celestia network containing transaction message data with sender address information stored in JSON event attributes
- **Chain availability data**: Configuration data used to filter results based on data completeness and availability windows

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: Transaction sender identification
- **Purpose**: Extract and classify unique transaction senders from Celestia blockchain message events
- **Logic**: Filter Celestia message events for records where `event_type` equals 'message', then parse the JSON `event_attributes` field to extract sender addresses using the `sender` key. Each transaction sender is classified with standard metadata including chain identifier ('celestia'), market sector ('blockchains_l1'), business segment ('blockchain'), and user type ('Transaction sender')
- **Key fields**: `block_timestamp` for timing, `transaction_hash` for transaction identification, `event_attributes` containing JSON data with sender information, and extracted `user_address` field

### Component B: Daily user aggregation  
- **Purpose**: Group transaction senders by day and count distinct users
- **Logic**: Truncate block timestamps to day level using timestamp truncation to create daily boundaries. Select distinct user addresses within each day to eliminate duplicate counting of users who made multiple transactions. Apply timestamp grain labeling as 'day' for downstream processing
- **Key fields**: `timestamp` truncated to day level, `user_address` for distinct counting, and various metadata fields carried forward from the user identification step

### Final aggregation
- **Combining components**: The daily user aggregation directly uses the output from transaction sender identification without additional joining
- **Currency conversion**: Not applicable as this is a count metric
- **Time aggregation**: Daily boundaries are established by truncating block timestamps to day level, ensuring all transactions within a 24-hour period are grouped together
- **Final calculation**: Count distinct user addresses per day where each unique address that sent at least one transaction during the day contributes exactly one to the daily active user count. Chain availability filtering is applied to ensure only complete data periods are included in the final results

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

Unique revenue-generating users over a fixed 24-hour window.

CelestiaTIA

Active users (daily)

Active users (daily)

Competitive landscape