zkSync Era batches users' transactions and submits them to Ethereum together with a zero-knowledge proof, paying a share of the transaction fees to Ethereum validators (expense).

zkSync Era is an L2 smart contract platform for decentralized applications on Ethereum. zkSync Era was founded by Matter Labs and launched in 2023.

Matter Labs team owns and governs the protocol. Matter Labs' investors include a16z, Lightspeed Venture Partners, Blockchain Capital, etc.

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Blockchains (L2)

zkSync Era

# zkSync Era Transactions per second Methodology

## 1. Overview

The zkSync Era transactions per second (TPS) metric measures the average number of transactions processed per second on the zkSync Era blockchain over daily time periods. This metric provides insight into network throughput and usage patterns by calculating the daily transaction volume divided by the number of seconds in a day (86,400). The calculation uses distinct transaction counting to ensure accuracy and includes data quality controls to handle network outages or maintenance periods.

## 2. Data sources

The calculation relies on the following data sources:
- **zkSync Era blockchain transaction data**: Raw transaction records from the zkSync Era network containing transaction hashes, block timestamps, sender and receiver addresses, gas usage, and gas price information
- **Account labeling data**: External dataset providing human-readable labels for contract addresses to categorize transaction types and identify known protocols or services
- **Chain availability configuration**: Internal data quality controls that track network availability periods to filter out data during outages or maintenance

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: Transaction facts extraction
- **Purpose**: Creates a standardized transaction dataset from raw zkSync Era blockchain data
- **Logic**: Extracts core transaction information including block timestamps, transaction hashes, sender and receiver addresses, gas usage amounts, and effective gas prices. Gas prices are converted from wei to ETH denomination by dividing by 10^18. The WETH contract address is used as a reference token. Duplicate transactions are handled through distinct selection on transaction hash
- **Key fields**: `block_timestamp`, `transaction_hash`, `from_address`, `to_address`, `gas_used`, `effective_gas_price`

### Component B: Daily transaction counting
- **Purpose**: Aggregates individual transactions into daily counts with contract labeling
- **Logic**: Groups transactions by day using timestamp truncation to day boundaries. Counts distinct transaction hashes using approximate counting functions for efficiency. Enriches transaction data by joining with account labels to categorize transactions by the type of contract being called (labeled contracts vs unlabeled addresses). Sets chain metadata including chain ID as 'zksyncera', market sector as 'blockchains_l2', and business segment as 'blockchain'
- **Key fields**: `timestamp` (truncated to day), `transaction_count`, `contract_name`, `chain_id`

### Component C: Account dimension enrichment
- **Purpose**: Provides human-readable labels for contract addresses to categorize transaction types
- **Logic**: Maintains a dimension table of zkSync Era account addresses with associated titles or labels. Uses left joins to match transaction recipient addresses with known contract labels, defaulting to 'Unlabeled' for unrecognized addresses. This enables analysis of transaction patterns by protocol or service type
- **Key fields**: `account_address`, `account_title`

### Final aggregation
- **Combining components**: Daily transaction counts are aggregated by timestamp, chain ID, and other dimensions to create consolidated daily totals
- **Transactions per second calculation**: Divides the daily transaction count by 86,400 (the number of seconds in a day) using safe division to handle potential null values
- **Data quality controls**: Applies schema standardization through finalization macros that validate required fields and ensure consistent data structure. Implements gap-filling strategy with zero values for days with no transactions to maintain continuous time series
- **Chain availability filtering**: Excludes data from periods when the zkSync Era network was unavailable or undergoing maintenance to ensure metric accuracy
- **Time aggregation**: Uses daily time boundaries with timestamp truncation to day precision, ensuring consistent 24-hour periods for calculation

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

Average confirmed user transactions added per second.

zkSync EraZK

Transactions per second

Transactions per second

Competitive landscape

Chain breakdown