Users sign up for World ID by visiting a Worldcoin Operator and verifying their unique personhood at an Orb. The Orb uses iris biometrics to establish an individual’s unique personhood and then creates a digital World ID, which is stored on the users device using a compatible identity wallet. World App is built on top of Safe's smart contract accounts and also serves as an identity wallet.

Worldcoin is an open source protocol primarily consisting of World ID - a privacy-preserving digital identity and World App - a fully self custodial wallet. Worldcoin was founded by Sam Altman, Alex Blania and Max Novendstern and publicly launched in July 2023.

Worldcoin is currently governed by the Worldcoin Foundation, but intends to decentralize governance over time. Worldcoin's investors include a16z, Multicoin Capital, 1confirmation, CoinFund etc.

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Infrastructure

Worldcoin

# Worldcoin Active users (weekly) Methodology

## 1. Overview

Weekly Active Users (WAU) measures the number of distinct users who interact with Worldcoin infrastructure within any 7-day rolling window. This metric captures user engagement across both Worldcoin's wallet creation infrastructure on Optimism and general blockchain activity on Worldchain. The calculation uses HyperLogLog probabilistic counting to efficiently handle large user sets and provides breakdowns by chain, user type, and product dimensions.

## 2. Data sources

- **Optimism event logs**: Blockchain event logs containing `SafeSetup` events (topic 0: `0x141df868a6331af528e38c83b7aa03edc19be66e37ae67f9285bf4f8e3c6a1a8`) emitted by Worldcoin wallet contracts during wallet creation
- **Optimism transaction records**: Transaction data including sender addresses, timestamps, and receipt status for validating wallet creation transactions
- **Worldchain transaction records**: All transaction data from the Worldchain blockchain, capturing transaction senders, timestamps, and addresses
- **Worldcoin creator address whitelist**: A curated list of 23 authorized addresses that are permitted to create Worldcoin wallets, used for validation filtering

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: Worldcoin wallet user identification
- **Purpose**: Identifies users who created Worldcoin wallets through authorized creator addresses on Optimism
- **Logic**: Filters Optimism event logs for `SafeSetup` events emitted by wallet contracts, then validates these events by joining with transactions from whitelisted creator addresses. Only wallet creation events initiated by authorized creator addresses are considered valid Worldcoin users. The validation ensures wallet creations are legitimate and not spam or unauthorized attempts.
- **Key fields**: `block_timestamp` for timing, `user_address` from wallet creation events, `from_address` from validation transactions, `transaction_hash` for joining events with transactions

### Component B: Worldchain transaction user identification  
- **Purpose**: Captures all transaction senders on Worldchain as active users
- **Logic**: Extracts all transaction sender addresses from Worldchain blockchain transactions, treating any address that initiates a transaction as an active user. This provides broad coverage of Worldchain ecosystem activity beyond just wallet creation.
- **Key fields**: `block_timestamp` for daily aggregation, `from_address` as the user identifier, `transaction_hash` for transaction uniqueness

### Component C: Daily active user aggregation
- **Purpose**: Combines users from both sources and aggregates them by day
- **Logic**: Unions the wallet creator users from Optimism with transaction sender users from Worldchain, then groups by day using `timestamp_trunc` to create daily distinct user counts. Each user address is deduplicated within each day regardless of how many transactions or events they generated.
- **Key fields**: `timestamp` truncated to day level, `chain` indicating Optimism or Worldchain, `user_type` distinguishing wallet creators from transaction senders, `user_address` for distinct counting

### Component D: Weekly rolling window creation
- **Purpose**: Creates a 7-day rolling window for each day to calculate weekly active users
- **Logic**: Generates a datespine of all dates from the earliest data to yesterday, then for each date creates a 7-day window by generating timestamps from 6 days prior through the current day. This creates overlapping 7-day windows that capture weekly activity patterns. Uses HyperLogLog sketches initialized from daily user sets to enable efficient approximate distinct counting across the rolling window.
- **Key fields**: `timestamp` for the window end date, `joinday` for dates within each 7-day window, `hll` containing the HyperLogLog sketch of daily users

### Component E: Multi-dimensional WAU calculation
- **Purpose**: Calculates weekly active users across different dimensional breakdowns
- **Logic**: Groups the 7-day windowed data by different combinations of dimensions - project level (all users combined), chain level (Optimism vs Worldchain), user type level (wallet creators vs transaction senders), and product level. For each grouping, merges HyperLogLog sketches across the 7-day window and extracts the approximate distinct count as the final WAU value.
- **Key fields**: `dimensions` indicating the breakdown level, `chain_id` for chain-specific counts, `user_type` for user type breakdowns, `user_wau` containing the final weekly active user count

### Final aggregation
- **Combining components**: All dimensional breakdowns are combined using union operations, creating a single result set with different dimension combinations and their corresponding WAU values
- **Time aggregation**: Uses daily boundaries with 7-day rolling windows, where each day represents the WAU for the week ending on that date
- **Final calculation**: The weekly active user count is extracted from merged HyperLogLog sketches using `hll_count.extract(hll_count.merge_partial(hll))`, providing an approximate distinct count of users active within each 7-day period

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

Unique revenue-generating users over a rolling 7-day window.

WorldcoinWLD

Active users (weekly)

Active users (weekly)

Competitive landscape

Chain breakdown