Users sign up for World ID by visiting a Worldcoin Operator and verifying their unique personhood at an Orb. The Orb uses iris biometrics to establish an individual’s unique personhood and then creates a digital World ID, which is stored on the users device using a compatible identity wallet. World App is built on top of Safe's smart contract accounts and also serves as an identity wallet.

Worldcoin is an open source protocol primarily consisting of World ID - a privacy-preserving digital identity and World App - a fully self custodial wallet. Worldcoin was founded by Sam Altman, Alex Blania and Max Novendstern and publicly launched in July 2023.

Worldcoin is currently governed by the Worldcoin Foundation, but intends to decentralize governance over time. Worldcoin's investors include a16z, Multicoin Capital, 1confirmation, CoinFund etc.

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Infrastructure

Worldcoin

# Worldcoin Active addresses (monthly) Methodology

## 1. Overview

Monthly active addresses for Worldcoin represents the number of unique addresses that have been active within a rolling 30-day window. For blockchain protocols like Worldcoin, this metric treats active users as equivalent to active addresses. The calculation combines two distinct user populations: wallet creators on Optimism (users who create new Worldcoin wallets) and transaction senders on Worldchain (users conducting transactions). The metric uses HyperLogLog probabilistic counting for memory-efficient distinct address counting across rolling 30-day periods.

## 2. Data sources

- **Optimism event logs**: Parsed `SafeSetup` event logs from smart contracts on Optimism blockchain, specifically events with topic signature `0x141df868a6331af528e38c83b7aa03edc19be66e37ae67f9285bf4f8e3c6a1a8`
- **Optimism transaction records**: Transaction data from Optimism blockchain including sender addresses, transaction hashes, and execution status
- **Worldchain transaction records**: Transaction data from Worldchain blockchain including sender addresses and timestamps
- **Wallet creator whitelist**: Hardcoded list of 24 authorized wallet creator contract addresses that are permitted to create Worldcoin wallets

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: Worldcoin wallet creator identification
- **Purpose**: Identifies users who create new Worldcoin wallets on Optimism
- **Logic**: Extracts `SafeSetup` events from Optimism event logs where the event signature matches the specific topic hash for wallet creation events. These events are then filtered to only include transactions that originated from one of 24 whitelisted wallet creator addresses. The filtering ensures only legitimate Worldcoin wallet creations are counted, excluding spam or unauthorized wallet creation attempts. Each wallet creation event captures the new wallet address as the user address.
- **Key fields**: `block_timestamp` for timing, `transaction_hash` for linking events to transactions, `address` as the newly created wallet address, `from_address` from transactions to validate against whitelist

### Component B: Worldchain transaction sender identification  
- **Purpose**: Captures users actively transacting on Worldchain
- **Logic**: Extracts all transaction sender addresses from Worldchain transaction records. Every transaction sender is considered an active user, representing direct usage of the Worldchain blockchain. This provides a complementary view of user activity beyond wallet creation.
- **Key fields**: `block_timestamp` for timing, `from_address` as the active user address

### Component C: Daily active user aggregation
- **Purpose**: Combines both user sources into daily distinct active users
- **Logic**: Unions the wallet creators from Optimism with transaction senders from Worldchain, then aggregates to daily level by truncating timestamps to day boundaries and selecting distinct user addresses per day. This creates the foundation dataset of daily active users across both chains and activity types.
- **Key fields**: `timestamp` truncated to day level, `user_address` as distinct active addresses, `chain` to identify source blockchain, `user_type` to classify activity type

### Component D: HyperLogLog sketch creation
- **Purpose**: Enables memory-efficient distinct counting for large-scale MAU calculations
- **Logic**: Converts daily distinct user addresses into HyperLogLog sketches using precision parameter 15. These probabilistic data structures allow efficient merging and counting of distinct values across time windows without storing actual addresses. Each daily sketch represents the distinct users for that specific day.
- **Key fields**: HyperLogLog sketch initialized from `user_address` values, grouped by day and dimensional attributes

### Component E: 30-day rolling window calculation
- **Purpose**: Creates overlapping 30-day periods for MAU calculation
- **Logic**: Generates a datespine covering all days from the earliest user activity to present, then for each day creates a 30-day lookback window (current day plus previous 29 days). This approach ensures continuous time series without gaps from days with zero activity. The system joins daily HLL sketches with their corresponding window periods, enabling rolling MAU calculation for every day.
- **Key fields**: `timestamp` as the window end date, `joinday` representing each day within the 30-day window

### Component F: Dimensional MAU aggregation
- **Purpose**: Calculates MAU across different analytical dimensions
- **Logic**: Merges HyperLogLog sketches within each 30-day window and extracts the distinct count estimate, creating MAU values across four dimensions: project-level (all Worldcoin activity combined), chain-level (Optimism vs Worldchain), user-type-level (wallet creators vs transaction senders), and product-level (currently null for Worldcoin). Each dimension provides different analytical perspectives on user activity patterns.
- **Key fields**: `user_mau` as the extracted distinct count from merged HLL sketches, `dimensions` indicating the aggregation level, dimensional identifier fields (`chain_id`, `user_type`, `product_id`)

### Final aggregation
- **Combining components**: All dimensional MAU calculations are combined using union operations, creating a comprehensive dataset with MAU values across all analytical perspectives
- **Currency conversion**: No currency conversion required as this is a count-based metric
- **Time aggregation**: Uses rolling 30-day windows calculated daily, providing smooth trending without traditional calendar month boundaries
- **Final calculation**: The monthly active addresses metric is created by renaming the `user_mau` field to `active_addresses_monthly`, reflecting the blockchain context where users are represented by their addresses. The final output includes standardized schema application, zero-filling for missing periods, and chain availability filtering to ensure data quality and consistency.

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

Unique addresses active over a rolling 30-day window.

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Active addresses (monthly)

Active addresses (monthly)

Competitive landscape

Chain breakdown