Starknet is a Validity-Rollup (ZK-Rollup) Layer 2 network that operates on top of Ethereum, enabling dApps to massively scale without compromising on security. It achieves this by bundling transactions into an off-chain computed STARK proof. This proof is then submitted to Ethereum as a single transaction, resulting in significantly higher throughput, faster processing times, and much lower costs, all while retaining the robust security of the Ethereum settlement layer.

Starknet aims to be governed by a decentralized, community-driven process centered around STRK token holders. While StarkWare originally developed the technology, the network is transitioning to a completely decentralized model where the broader community makes decisions regarding protocol upgrades, development, and the future of the network.

Starknet is a Layer 2 that uses STARK technology to validate off-chain transactions, enabling unlimited scale while preserving Ethereum's security and decentralization.

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Blockchains (L2)

Starknet

# Starknet Fees Methodology

## 1. Overview

The Starknet fees metric measures the total transaction fees paid by users on the Starknet Layer 2 network, expressed in USD. This metric answers the business question: "How much revenue is being generated through transaction fees on Starknet?" The calculation aggregates all transaction fees paid in native tokens (ETH and STRK) on a daily basis, converts them to USD using end-of-day price feeds, and presents them as a daily time series.

## 2. Data sources

- **Starknet blockchain transaction records**: Raw transaction data from the Starknet Layer 2 network containing fee information, transaction hashes, block timestamps, sender addresses, and fee unit types
- **End-of-day token price feeds**: Price data for ETH (Ethereum) and STRK (Starknet token) used for USD conversion
- **Token metadata**: Decimal precision information for proper unit conversion from blockchain native formats

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: Transaction fee extraction
- **Purpose**: Extract and standardize fee data from all Starknet transactions
- **Logic**: Process all Starknet blockchain transactions to capture fee information. Each transaction contains a `receipt_actual_fee` field (the raw fee amount) and a `receipt_actual_fee_unit` field (indicating the fee token type). Convert raw fee amounts from blockchain native format to decimal format by dividing by 10^18. Map fee unit types to specific token addresses: "WEI" units correspond to ETH payments using address `0xc02aaa39b223fe8d0a0e5c4f27ead9083c756cc2`, while "FRI" units correspond to STRK token payments using address `0xca14007eff0db1f8135f4c25b34de49ab0d42766`. Extract additional transaction metadata including block timestamps, transaction hashes, and sender addresses for processing.
- **Key fields**: `receipt_actual_fee` (raw fee amount), `receipt_actual_fee_unit` (fee token type), `block_timestamp` (transaction timing), `actual_fee_amount` (converted decimal fee amount), `token_address` (standardized token identifier)

### Component B: Daily fee aggregation
- **Purpose**: Group and sum all transaction fees by day and token type
- **Logic**: Aggregate the standardized fee data on a daily basis. Group all transactions by calendar day (using timestamp truncation to day boundaries) and by token address to separate ETH fees from STRK fees. Sum the `actual_fee_amount` values for each day-token combination to calculate total daily fees paid in each token type. This produces daily totals showing how much was paid in ETH fees versus STRK fees for each day.
- **Key fields**: `timestamp` (daily boundary), `token_address` (fee token type), `fees` (aggregated daily fee total per token)

### Final aggregation
- **Combining components**: The daily fee totals by token are processed through USD conversion and final formatting
- **Currency conversion**: Apply end-of-day price feeds to convert ETH and STRK fee amounts to USD values using the `convert_to_usd_and_correct_decimals` macro with USD conversion enabled
- **Time aggregation**: Data is aggregated to daily boundaries using timestamp truncation to day level
- **Final calculation**: The final metric value represents the total USD value of all transaction fees paid on Starknet for each day, combining both ETH and STRK denominated fees after USD conversion. The result is formatted with standard metric schema including market sector classification as "blockchains_l2" and business segment as "blockchain", with chain availability filters applied to ensure data consistency.

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

Total value users pay to use a protocol (gross fees, user-paid fees).

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Fees

Fees

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