Stacks miners batch users' transactions and receive fees from users (supply-side fees). Miners submit transactions to Bitcoin, paying a share of the transaction fees to Bitcoin miners.

Stacks is an smart contract platform for creating decentralized applications on Bitcoin (a blockchain). Stacks was founded by Muneeb Ali and Ryan Shea, and launched in 2021.

STX tokenholders own and govern the protocol. They currently do not take a cut of the total transaction fees paid by users (revenue). Stacks' investors include IOSG Ventures, The Spartan Group, Hashkey Exchange, etc.

github

twitter

discord

website

Blockchains (L2)

Stacks

# Stacks Transactions per second Methodology

## 1. Overview

Stacks transactions per second (TPS) measures the average number of transactions processed by the Stacks network per second on a daily basis. This metric provides insight into Stacks' transaction throughput and network utilization. Post-Nakamoto upgrade, Stacks produces blocks approximately every 5-10 seconds (previously ~10 minutes when tied to Bitcoin block times), significantly increasing potential throughput. System transactions (coinbase and tenure_change) are excluded. The calculation takes the total number of unique user transactions confirmed each day and divides by the number of seconds in a day (86,400).

## 2. Data sources

- **Stacks blockchain transaction data**: Raw transaction data from the Stacks network including transaction identifiers, block timestamps, transaction types, and fee information
- **Block timestamp data**: Timestamps indicating when each block was produced and transactions were confirmed

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: Transaction data extraction
- **Purpose**: Extracts and standardizes raw Stacks transaction data for processing
- **Logic**: Retrieves core transaction fields from Stacks blockchain data. System transactions (coinbase and tenure_change types) are filtered out to count only user-initiated transactions. This creates a clean dataset of user activity for throughput measurement.
- **Key fields**: `transaction_hash` (unique transaction identifier), `block_timestamp` (when transaction was confirmed), `transaction_type` (for filtering)

### Component B: Daily transaction aggregation
- **Purpose**: Counts unique user transactions per day to establish daily transaction volumes
- **Logic**: Groups Stacks transactions by day using timestamp truncation on the `block_timestamp` field to daily boundaries. Counts distinct `transaction_hash` values to ensure each transaction is counted exactly once. Adds metadata classification including chain identifier as 'stacks', market sector as 'blockchains_l2', and business segment as 'blockchain'.
- **Key fields**: `timestamp` (daily boundary), `transaction_count` (distinct transaction count per day), `chain_id` (set to 'stacks'), `timestamp_grain` (set to 'day')

### Final aggregation
- **Combining components**: The daily transaction counts flow directly into the TPS calculation without additional joins
- **Currency conversion**: No currency conversion required as this is a count-based metric
- **Time aggregation**: Data is aggregated to daily boundaries using timestamp truncation, with each day representing a complete 24-hour period
- **Final calculation**: Transactions per second is calculated by dividing the daily `transaction_count` by 86,400 (the number of seconds in a day) using safe division to handle edge cases. The calculation produces an average TPS value representing the theoretical sustained rate if transactions were evenly distributed throughout the day. Missing days are filled with zero values.

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

Average confirmed user transactions added per second.

StacksSTX

Transactions per second

Transactions per second

Competitive landscape