Collators aggregate parachain transactions block candidates and producing state transition proofs for validators based on those blocks.

Phala is a specialized privacy-preserving cloud computing blockchain powered by Polkadot Relay chain.

PHA holders own and govern the protocol. Phala’s investors include IOSG Ventures, Incuba Alpha, Candaq Fintech Group, and others.

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Phala

# Phala Average fees per user (AFPU) Methodology

## 1. Overview

Average Fees Per User (AFPU) measures the average fees generated per daily active user on the Phala blockchain. This metric answers the business question "How much fee revenue does each user generate on average per day?" and is calculated by dividing total daily fees in USD by the number of daily active users. The metric helps assess user monetization and fee efficiency across the Phala network.

## 2. Data sources

The AFPU calculation relies on three core data sources:

- **Blockchain events**: Phala blockchain event logs, specifically `TransactionFeePaid` events from the `transactionPayment` pallet containing fee and tip payment information
- **Transaction data**: Phala blockchain extrinsic records containing transaction sender addresses and execution metadata
- **External data**: End-of-day price feeds from CoinGecko for the PHA token to enable USD conversion

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: Fee extraction and processing
- **Purpose**: Extract and aggregate total fees paid by users on the Phala blockchain
- **Logic**: The system filters Phala blockchain events for `TransactionFeePaid` events from the `transactionPayment` pallet. From each event's JSON data array, it extracts the `transaction_fee` from position 1 and `transaction_tip` from position 2, then sums these values together to get the total fee per transaction. The fees are converted from Phala's native 12-decimal precision to standard units by dividing by 10^12. All transactions are aggregated by day using timestamp truncation.
- **Key fields**: `event_data` arrays containing fee amounts, `transaction_fee` and `transaction_tip` values, `extrinsic_id` for transaction identification, and `timestamp` for daily aggregation

### Component B: Daily active user counting
- **Purpose**: Count distinct active users per day on the Phala blockchain
- **Logic**: The system identifies users as transaction senders from Phala extrinsic records. Each unique sender address represents a potential active user. Daily active users are calculated by counting distinct user addresses per day using timestamp truncation. To ensure accurate distinct counting across different analytical dimensions, the system employs HyperLogLog aggregation algorithms that efficiently maintain cardinality estimates while enabling breakdowns by chain, user type, and product dimensions.
- **Key fields**: `user_address` from extrinsic sender data, `block_timestamp` for daily boundaries, `user_type` classification as 'Transaction sender', and HyperLogLog sketches for efficient distinct counting

### Component C: USD conversion
- **Purpose**: Convert native PHA fees to USD for standardized reporting
- **Logic**: The system retrieves end-of-day price data for the PHA token from CoinGecko price feeds. Each day's total fees in native PHA units are multiplied by the corresponding end-of-day USD price to produce daily fee totals in USD. This ensures consistent currency reporting across different time periods and enables comparison with other blockchain metrics.
- **Key fields**: `coingecko_id` set to 'pha' for price lookup, daily USD conversion rates, and converted fee amounts

### Final aggregation
- **Combining components**: The daily fees in USD are divided by the daily active user count using Token Terminal's standard ARPU calculation macro. This produces the average fee revenue generated per user per day
- **Currency conversion**: All fee amounts are standardized to USD using end-of-day CoinGecko price feeds for the PHA token
- **Time aggregation**: Data is aggregated to daily boundaries using timestamp truncation, ensuring consistent time-based reporting
- **Final calculation**: AFPU = Total Daily Fees in USD ÷ Daily Active Users count, with missing days filled with zero values to maintain complete time series continuity

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

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Average fees per user (AFPU)

Average fees per user (AFPU)

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