Collators aggregate parachain transactions block candidates and producing state transition proofs for validators based on those blocks.

Pendulum is a decentralized blockchain for cross-border payments and traditional finance infrastructure powered by Polkadot Relay chain.

PEN holders own and govern the protocol. Pendulum is a subsidiary of SatoshiPay. SatoshiPay's investors include Blue Star Capital, KR1 plc, Stellar Development Foundation, etc.

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Blockchains (L2)

Pendulum

# Pendulum Active users (monthly) Methodology

## 1. Overview

Active users (monthly) is measured as the number of unique addresses that make a revenue-generating transaction with Pendulum Substrate. Active users (monthly) are measured over a 30-day rolling window. Unique user addresses are identified monthly from extrinsic initiation data to evaluate network engagement. This metric is utilized to assess the monthly adoption and utility of the network.

## 2. Data sources

- **Blockchain events**: `extrinsics` records from Pendulum Substrate, covering Pendulum Substrate

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: User identification and classification

- **Purpose**: Extract and classify user addresses from raw extrinsic data
- **Logic**: Raw extrinsic records are processed to extract the initiator address from each transaction. Each address that initiates an extrinsic is classified as a transaction sender. The data is enriched with metadata categorizing Pendulum Substrate as a Layer 2 blockchain in the blockchain business segment.
- **Key fields**: `user_address` (extracted from the extrinsic initiator), `block_timestamp` (timing), and `extrinsic_id` (unique transaction identifier)

### Component B: Monthly aggregation and distinct counting

- **Purpose**: Calculate the monthly count of unique active users
- **Logic**: User addresses are grouped by 30-day rolling window using timestamp truncation to day granularity. A distinct count of user addresses is performed within each 30-day rolling window, ensuring that users who initiate multiple extrinsics are only counted once per 30-day window. Filtering logic is applied for incremental processing to focus on recent data during updates.
- **Key fields**: `timestamp` (truncated to day granularity) and `user_address` (used for distinct counting)

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

Unique revenue-generating users over a rolling 30-day window.

PendulumPEN

Archived

Active users (monthly)

Active users (monthly)

Competitive landscape

Chain breakdown