opBNB is built on the OP Stack, the same underlying framework as Optimism. It extends the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) to provide faster and cheaper transactions, while leveraging BNB Smart Chain (BSC) for ecosystem integration.

opBNB is an Ethereum-compatible Layer 2 scaling solution designed to improve the performance and affordability of decentralized applications on BNB Chain. It provides high throughput and low fees, making it suitable for gaming, social, and DeFi applications.

opBNB is developed by BNB Chain, which is supported by contributors from the broader Binance ecosystem.

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opBNB

# opBNB Expenses Methodology

## 1. Overview

The opBNB expenses metric measures the total daily operational costs incurred by the opBNB Layer 2 blockchain. This metric answers the business question: "How much does it cost to operate the opBNB network?" The calculation combines two expense components: cost of revenue (primarily L1 settlement fees paid to BSC) and token incentives (currently zero). The metric represents the total USD value of expenses required to maintain opBNB's operations, providing insight into the network's operational efficiency and cost structure.

## 2. Data sources

The calculation relies on several key data sources:
- **BSC transaction records**: Complete transaction history from Binance Smart Chain, including gas usage, gas prices, blob gas data, and transaction recipients
- **opBNB transaction records**: opBNB blockchain transaction data used for time structure reference
- **End-of-day price feeds**: Daily closing prices for BNB token to enable USD conversion
- **Token metadata**: Information about BNB and WBNB token addresses, symbols, and decimal precision across different chains
- **Sequencer configuration data**: The opBNB sequencer address (`0xff00000000000000000000000000000000000204`) used to identify settlement transactions

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: L1 settlement cost calculation
- **Purpose**: Calculate the daily USD cost of settling opBNB transactions on BSC Layer 1
- **Logic**: The system identifies all BSC transactions where the recipient address matches the known opBNB sequencer address. For each settlement transaction, it calculates the total gas cost by multiplying `gas_used` by `gas_price` and adding any blob gas costs (`blob_gas_used` multiplied by `blob_gas_price`). These costs are converted from wei to BNB by dividing by 10^18. Daily settlement costs are aggregated by summing all settlement amounts within each day. Finally, the BNB-denominated costs are converted to USD using end-of-day BNB price feeds.
- **Key fields**: `gas_used`, `gas_price`, `blob_gas_used`, `blob_gas_price`, `l1_settlement_amount`, `cost_of_revenue`

### Component B: Token incentives calculation
- **Purpose**: Track any token-based incentives or rewards paid by the opBNB protocol
- **Logic**: The system creates a time series structure based on the opBNB fees data and sets `token_incentives` to zero for all time periods. This reflects that opBNB currently does not distribute token incentives to users, validators, or other network participants.
- **Key fields**: `token_incentives` (always zero)

### Final aggregation
- **Combining components**: The two expense components are combined using a union operation, creating separate records for cost of revenue and token incentives, then summed together
- **Currency conversion**: All settlement costs are converted to USD using end-of-day BNB price feeds, ensuring consistent currency representation
- **Time aggregation**: Data is aggregated at daily boundaries using timestamp truncation to day level
- **Final calculation**: Total daily expenses equal the sum of USD-denominated L1 settlement costs plus token incentives (currently zero). The finalize expenses macro applies zero-filling for any missing dates to ensure complete time series coverage and applies chain availability filtering to respect network launch dates.

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

Total project operating and incentive expenses.

opBNB

Expenses

Expenses

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