opBNB is built on the OP Stack, the same underlying framework as Optimism. It extends the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) to provide faster and cheaper transactions, while leveraging BNB Smart Chain (BSC) for ecosystem integration.

opBNB is an Ethereum-compatible Layer 2 scaling solution designed to improve the performance and affordability of decentralized applications on BNB Chain. It provides high throughput and low fees, making it suitable for gaming, social, and DeFi applications.

opBNB is developed by BNB Chain, which is supported by contributors from the broader Binance ecosystem.

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opBNB

# opBNB Cost of revenue Methodology

## 1. Overview

The opBNB cost of revenue metric measures the daily costs incurred by the opBNB Layer 2 network to settle transactions on its Layer 1 settlement chain (BSC - BNB Smart Chain). This metric captures the gas fees paid by the opBNB sequencer when posting transaction batches and state updates to BSC, representing the network's primary operational expense for maintaining security and finality through L1 settlement.

## 2. Data sources

The calculation relies on these underlying data sources:
- **BSC blockchain transaction records**: Complete transaction data from BNB Smart Chain including gas prices, gas usage, and transaction recipients
- **End-of-day token price feeds**: BNB token price data for USD conversion
- **Token metadata**: Information about wrapped BNB token contracts and decimal precision

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: L1 settlement transaction identification
- **Purpose**: Identifies all settlement transactions made by the opBNB sequencer on BSC
- **Logic**: Filters BSC transaction records to include only transactions where the recipient address (`to_address`) equals the opBNB sequencer address `0xff00000000000000000000000000000000000204`. This captures all instances where the sequencer submits transaction batches or state updates to the L1 chain. The system extracts key transaction details including block timestamp, transaction hash, gas price, gas used, and any blob gas usage for EIP-4844 transactions.
- **Key fields**: `block_timestamp` for timing, `transaction_hash` for uniqueness, `receipt_effective_gas_price` and `receipt_gas_used` for standard gas costs, `receipt_blob_gas_price` and `receipt_blob_gas_used` for blob gas costs, with wrapped BNB token address `0xbb4cdb9cbd36b01bd1cbaebf2de08d9173bc095c` as the fee token

### Component B: Gas fee calculation
- **Purpose**: Calculates the total settlement cost for each sequencer transaction
- **Logic**: For each identified settlement transaction, computes the total gas fee by multiplying gas used by gas price, plus any blob gas costs (blob gas used multiplied by blob gas price). The calculation handles both standard gas costs and EIP-4844 blob gas costs where applicable, with blob values defaulting to zero if not present. The result is divided by 10^18 to convert from wei units to BNB token units.
- **Key fields**: `l1_settlement_amount` representing the total BNB cost per transaction, calculated as (gas_used_amount × gas_price + blob_gas_used_amount × blob_gas_price) ÷ 10^18

### Component C: Daily aggregation
- **Purpose**: Aggregates individual settlement transactions into daily cost totals
- **Logic**: Groups all settlement transactions by day using timestamp truncation to daily boundaries. Sums all `l1_settlement_amount` values for each day to calculate total daily settlement costs. Assigns standard metadata including chain identifier ('bsc'), market sector ('blockchains_l2'), and business segment ('blockchain').
- **Key fields**: `timestamp` truncated to daily granularity, `cost_of_revenue` as the sum of daily settlement amounts, along with classification fields for chain and business categorization

### Final aggregation
- **Combining components**: The daily BNB settlement amounts flow directly from the aggregation step
- **Currency conversion**: Converts daily BNB settlement costs to USD using end-of-day price feeds through the convert_to_usd_and_correct_decimals macro, with decimal correction disabled since amounts are already in proper BNB units
- **Time aggregation**: Uses daily timestamp boundaries with forward-fill logic to ensure continuous time series data
- **Final calculation**: The final metric represents total daily USD-equivalent costs paid by the opBNB sequencer for L1 settlement, calculated as the sum of all sequencer transaction gas fees converted to USD at end-of-day exchange rates

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

Expenses paid to third parties to deliver core service output.

opBNB

Cost of revenue

Cost of revenue

Competitive landscape

Chain breakdown