Collators process transactions and receive payments from Acala Foundation.

Karura is a smart contract platform for decentralized applications (a blockchain). Karura was founded by Bett Chen, Bryan Chen, Ruitao Su & Fuyao Jiang and launched in 2021.

KAR holders own and govern the protocol. They currently take all of the total transaction fees paid by users (revenue).

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Karura

# Karura Revenue Methodology

## 1. Overview

Karura revenue represents the total fees collected by the Karura blockchain network, converted to USD values. This metric captures the monetary value generated by the Karura network through transaction fees paid by users. The calculation methodology directly maps fee collections to revenue, following the principle that all fees collected by the blockchain constitute network revenue.

## 2. Data sources

The methodology relies on the following underlying data sources:

- **Karura blockchain data**: Fee collection data scraped directly from the Karura blockchain network, capturing daily aggregated fee amounts paid in native KAR tokens
- **External price data**: End-of-day price feeds from CoinGecko for the KAR token, used for USD conversion of native token amounts
- **Token metadata**: Configuration data for the KAR token including decimal precision specifications (12 decimals) and token identification details

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: Raw fee extraction
- **Purpose**: Extract and normalize raw fee collection data from the Karura blockchain
- **Logic**: The scraper collects daily fee totals from the Karura network in the form of `balance_amount_total` values representing fees paid in native KAR tokens. These raw amounts are normalized by dividing by 10^12 to convert from the smallest token units to whole KAR tokens, accounting for the token's 12-decimal precision. Each record includes a daily timestamp and is enriched with metadata including chain identifier, token symbol, and CoinGecko identifier for downstream processing.
- **Key fields**: `balance_amount_total` (raw fee amounts), `daily_timestamp` (collection date), normalized `amount` field in whole KAR tokens

### Component B: USD conversion and business classification
- **Purpose**: Convert native KAR token amounts to USD values and apply business metadata
- **Logic**: The normalized KAR token amounts are converted to USD using end-of-day price feeds from CoinGecko, matching records by the 'karura' token identifier and daily timestamp. Business classification metadata is applied to categorize the revenue stream, including business line designation as 'Blockchain', market sector classification as 'blockchains_l1', and business segment identification as 'blockchain'. The data is structured with daily timestamp grain and chain identifier matching the source blockchain.
- **Key fields**: USD-converted `fees` amounts, `timestamp` (daily grain), `chain_id`, business classification fields

### Component C: Revenue calculation
- **Purpose**: Transform fee data into revenue metrics
- **Logic**: Revenue is calculated using a direct mapping approach where fees collected by the blockchain are treated as network revenue. Each daily fee total becomes the corresponding daily revenue amount without additional transformations or adjustments. The data maintains the same USD values, timestamps, and metadata structure as the fee calculations.
- **Key fields**: `revenue` (equal to fees), `timestamp`, `chain_id`, `product_id`

### Final aggregation
- **Combining components**: The revenue metric directly inherits the USD-converted fee amounts from the fee calculation component, maintaining a 1:1 relationship between daily fees and daily revenue
- **Currency conversion**: USD conversion occurs at the fee calculation stage using end-of-day CoinGecko price feeds, with the revenue calculation inheriting these converted values
- **Time aggregation**: Data is aggregated at daily boundaries based on blockchain timestamps, with each day's total fee collection representing that day's revenue
- **Final calculation**: Revenue equals the sum of all fees collected by the Karura blockchain on each given day, expressed in USD: Revenue = Daily Fee Total (KAR tokens) × KAR Token Price (USD)

The methodology includes schema validation, data completeness checks, and gap filling to ensure consistent time series data across all supported date ranges.

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

fees * take_rate (illustrative — revenue is observed directly per project, not derived from take_rate)

Fee revenue retained after supply-side payouts. Before cost of revenue (e.g. L2 DA fees) and before operating expenses.

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