Collators process transactions and receive payments from Acala Foundation.

Karura is a smart contract platform for decentralized applications (a blockchain). Karura was founded by Bett Chen, Bryan Chen, Ruitao Su & Fuyao Jiang and launched in 2021.

KAR holders own and govern the protocol. They currently take all of the total transaction fees paid by users (revenue).

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# Karura Fees Methodology

## 1. Overview

This metric measures the total daily fees collected by the Karura blockchain network, expressed in USD. Karura fees represent the transaction costs paid by users for blockchain operations and are collected in the native `KAR` token. The calculation extracts raw fee balance data from blockchain scraping, normalizes token decimals, converts to USD using market prices, and aggregates by day with proper business line classification.

## 2. Data sources

The calculation uses two primary data sources:
- **Karura blockchain scraper data**: Raw fee balance amounts collected from the Karura network, containing daily timestamp and total balance amounts in native `KAR` tokens
- **CoinGecko price feeds**: End-of-day price data for `KAR` token conversion to USD using the `karura` identifier

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: Raw fee extraction
- **Purpose**: Extract and normalize raw fee data from Karura blockchain scraper
- **Logic**: The calculation pulls raw fee data containing `timestamp` and `balance_amount_total` fields from the Karura scraper. The raw balance amounts represent total fees collected and are stored as large integers requiring decimal normalization. The `KAR` token uses 12 decimal places, so raw amounts are divided by 10^12 to convert to actual token units. Additional metadata is added including chain identifier, token symbol, and CoinGecko identifier for downstream processing.
- **Key fields**: `daily_timestamp` (date), `balance_amount_total` (raw fee amount), `amount` (normalized fee amount), `chain`, `token_symbol`, `coingecko_id`

### Component B: USD conversion
- **Purpose**: Convert `KAR` token amounts to USD values using market prices
- **Logic**: The normalized `KAR` amounts are converted to USD using CoinGecko price feeds. The conversion uses the `karura` identifier to fetch appropriate market prices and applies them to the fee amounts. This step uses the `convert_to_usd_cg` macro which handles price lookups and currency conversion calculations.
- **Key fields**: `fees` (USD-denominated fee amount), all previous fields carried forward

### Component C: Business classification and formatting
- **Purpose**: Apply business line classification and standardize data structure
- **Logic**: The USD-converted fees are classified with business metadata including business line as `Blockchain`, market sector as `blockchains_l1`, and business segment as `blockchain`. The timestamp grain is set to `day` and chain identifier is standardized. Product identifier is set to null as fees represent network-level activity rather than specific product usage.
- **Key fields**: `timestamp`, `timestamp_grain`, `chain_id`, `market_sector_id`, `business_segment_id`, `product_id`, `fees`

### Final aggregation
- **Combining components**: The classified fee data flows through the finalize metric process which validates the data structure, ensures proper schema compliance, and fills any gaps in the time series
- **Currency conversion**: USD conversion occurs using end-of-day CoinGecko prices for the `KAR` token, with the `karura` identifier used for price lookups
- **Time aggregation**: Daily boundaries are maintained with timestamp grain set to `day`, and missing dates are filled with zero values using the `fill_zeros` strategy
- **Final calculation**: The final metric represents total daily fees collected by the Karura network in USD, with proper business line classification and time series continuity ensured through gap filling

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

Total value users pay to use a protocol (gross fees, user-paid fees).

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