Validators process transactions and receive fees from users (supply-side fees).

Hedera is a decentralized enterprise-grade public network that uses proof-of-stake hashgraph consensus to offer low & fixed fees, 10k TPS, and instant transaction finality. Hedera was founded by Leemon Baird, Mance Harmon, etc. and launched in 2019.

HBAR holders own and govern the protocol. They currently take a cut of the total transaction and query fees paid by users (revenue). Hedera’s investors include BlockTower Capital, Continue Capital, Unanimous Capital, etc.

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Blockchains (L1)

Hedera

# Hedera Transactions per second Methodology

## 1. Overview

The Hedera transactions per second (TPS) metric measures the average rate of transaction processing on the Hedera blockchain network. This metric is calculated by taking the total number of unique transactions processed each day and dividing by the number of seconds in a day (86,400) to express daily transaction volume as a per-second rate. This provides a standardized way to compare transaction throughput across different time periods and enables trend analysis of network activity and performance.

## 2. Data sources

The calculation uses the following raw data sources:
- **Hedera blockchain transaction records**: Complete transaction data from the Hedera network including transaction hashes, timestamps, block numbers, transaction types, fees, and node information
- **Token Terminal chain availability metadata**: Operational status data used to filter out periods when Hedera data collection might be incomplete or unreliable

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: Transaction fact extraction
- **Purpose**: Extract and standardize all Hedera transaction data for processing
- **Logic**: Retrieve all transaction records from Hedera blockchain data, including `block_timestamp`, `transaction_hash`, `transaction_id`, `block_number`, node information, entity identifiers, fees charged, and transaction types. Each transaction is tagged with the chain identifier 'hedera' and classified under the 'blockchains_l1' market sector and 'blockchain' business segment. No product-specific filtering is applied as this represents network-wide activity.
- **Key fields**: `block_timestamp` for time grouping, `transaction_hash` for unique transaction identification, `transaction_type` for transaction classification

### Component B: Daily transaction aggregation
- **Purpose**: Count unique transactions processed each day on the Hedera network
- **Logic**: Group all transactions by day using timestamp truncation of the `block_timestamp` field. Count distinct `transaction_hash` values within each day to determine the total number of unique transactions processed. This aggregation ensures that each transaction is counted exactly once regardless of any potential data duplication. Apply schema standardization and gap-filling logic to ensure complete daily coverage with zero values for any missing days.
- **Key fields**: `timestamp` (truncated to day), `transaction_count` (distinct count of transaction hashes), `chain_id`, `market_sector_id`, `business_segment_id`

### Final aggregation
- **Combining components**: The daily transaction counts from component B are used directly without additional joining or summing across different components
- **Currency conversion**: No currency conversion is required as this metric measures transaction volume, not monetary values
- **Time aggregation**: Data is aggregated at daily granularity using timestamp truncation to day boundaries based on block timestamps
- **Final calculation**: Divide the daily transaction count by 86,400 (the number of seconds in a day) using safe division to handle any potential null or zero values. This produces the average transactions per second for each day. Apply chain availability filtering to exclude data from periods when Hedera data collection was not fully operational, ensuring data quality and reliability in the final metric.

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

Average confirmed user transactions added per second.

HederaHBAR

Transactions per second

Transactions per second

Competitive landscape