Gravity Alpha batches users' transactions and submits them to Ethereum, paying a share of the transaction fees to Ethereum validators (expense).

Gravity Alpha is an L2 smart contract platform for decentralized applications on Ethereum. Gravity Alpha was founded by Galxe and launched in 2024.

G tokenholders own and govern the protocol. Galxe's investors include Arbitrum Foundation, Multicoin Capital, Dragonfly Capital, etc.

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Gravity Alpha Mainnet

# Gravity Alpha Mainnet Expenses Methodology

## 1. Overview

GravityAlpha expenses represents the daily operational costs incurred by the GravityAlpha Layer 2 protocol for settling transactions on Ethereum Layer 1. This metric captures the gas fees paid by GravityAlpha's sequencer when submitting transaction batches to Ethereum mainnet, providing insight into the protocol's operational expenses. The calculation identifies specific settlement transactions between GravityAlpha's sequencer and inbox contracts, aggregates the associated gas costs, and converts them to USD for standardized reporting.

## 2. Data sources

- **Ethereum transaction records**: Complete Ethereum mainnet transaction data including gas usage, effective gas prices, and transaction receipt information
- **End-of-day token price feeds**: USD pricing data for WETH (Wrapped Ether) used for currency conversion
- **Token metadata**: Contract address information for WETH token identification

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: L1 settlement transaction identification
- **Purpose**: Identifies Ethereum transactions representing GravityAlpha's L1 settlement operations
- **Logic**: Filters Ethereum transaction records to find transactions where the `to_address` equals the sequencer inbox address (`0x8d99372612e8cfe7163b1a453831bc40eaeb3cf3`) and the `from_address` equals the sequencer address (`0xba369bd77a346babcd282cb1a015194e8ec54542`). These specific address pairs represent GravityAlpha's sequencer submitting transaction batches to the sequencer inbox contract on Ethereum Layer 1.
- **Key fields**: `block_timestamp` for timing, `to_address` and `from_address` for address filtering, `receipt_gas_used` and `receipt_effective_gas_price` for cost calculation

### Component B: Gas cost calculation
- **Purpose**: Calculates the actual WETH cost of each settlement transaction
- **Logic**: For each identified settlement transaction, multiplies the `receipt_gas_used` by the `receipt_effective_gas_price` to get the total gas cost in wei, then divides by 10^18 to convert to WETH units. Sets the token address as WETH (`0xc02aaa39b223fe8d0a0e5c4f27ead9083c756cc2`) and chain as ethereum.
- **Key fields**: `amount` (calculated WETH cost), `token_address` (WETH), `chain` (ethereum)

### Component C: Daily aggregation
- **Purpose**: Aggregates settlement costs by day to create daily expense totals
- **Logic**: Groups settlement transactions by day using timestamp truncation to day boundaries. Sums all `cost_of_revenue` amounts for each day, maintaining grain as 'day', chain as 'ethereum', and setting `product_id` as null since this represents overall protocol expenses rather than product-specific costs.
- **Key fields**: `timestamp` (daily boundaries), `timestamp_grain` ('day'), `cost_of_revenue` (daily sum)

### Component D: USD conversion
- **Purpose**: Converts WETH settlement costs to USD for standardized reporting
- **Logic**: Applies the `convert_to_usd_and_correct_decimals` macro to the daily aggregated WETH amounts, using end-of-day WETH price feeds to convert amounts to USD. Does not apply decimal correction since WETH already has 18 decimals properly handled in the gas cost calculation.
- **Key fields**: USD-denominated `cost_of_revenue` values

### Final aggregation
- **Combining components**: The cost of revenue calculation flows directly into the expenses metric, where `cost_of_revenue` becomes `expenses` through a direct mapping
- **Currency conversion**: WETH amounts are converted to USD using end-of-day price feeds during the cost of revenue calculation phase
- **Time aggregation**: Data is aggregated at daily boundaries, with timestamp truncation ensuring consistent day-level reporting
- **Final calculation**: The final expenses metric equals the daily sum of USD-converted gas costs paid by GravityAlpha's sequencer for L1 settlement transactions, standardized through the `finalize_metric_expenses` macro with zero-fill strategy for missing days

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

Total project operating and incentive expenses.

Gravity Alpha MainnetG

Expenses

Expenses

Competitive landscape

Chain breakdown