Validators process transactions and receive fees from users (supply-side fees).

Flow is a smart contract platform for decentralized applications (a blockchain). Flow was founded by Roham Gharegozlou, Dieter Shirley and Mikhael Naayem and launched in 2019.

FLOW holders own and govern the protocol. They currently don’t take a cut of the total transaction fees paid by users (revenue). Flow’s investors include a16z, Coatue, Coinfund, Fabric Ventures, etc.

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Flow

# Flow Median transaction fee Methodology

## 1. Overview

The Flow median transaction fee metric measures the daily median transaction fee in USD across the entire Flow blockchain ecosystem. This metric combines transaction fees from both Flow EVM (Ethereum-compatible execution environment) and Flow (native Flow execution environment) to provide a unified view of transaction costs on Flow. The metric answers the business question: "What is the typical transaction cost that users pay on the Flow blockchain?" by calculating the median fee across all transactions on both execution environments.

## 2. Data sources

- **Flow EVM blockchain transactions**: EVM-compatible transaction records containing gas usage (`gas_used`) and gas price (`gas_price`) fields for fee calculation
- **Flow blockchain transactions**: Native Flow transaction records containing direct fee amounts (`fee_amount`) in FLOW tokens
- **FLOW token price feeds**: End-of-day price data from CoinGecko for USD conversion of transaction fees

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: Flow EVM fee calculation
- **Purpose**: Calculate transaction fees in USD for Ethereum-compatible transactions on Flow
- **Logic**: Extract Flow EVM transaction records and join with daily FLOW token prices. Calculate fees using the standard EVM formula: multiply `gas_used` by `gas_price` and divide by 1e18 to convert from wei to FLOW tokens. Convert to USD by multiplying by the FLOW token price for that day. Missing gas values default to 0, and missing prices default to 0.
- **Key fields**: `gas_used` (gas consumed), `gas_price` (price per gas unit), `block_timestamp` (transaction timing), `fee_usd` (calculated USD fee amount)

### Component B: Flow fee calculation  
- **Purpose**: Calculate transaction fees in USD for native Flow Cadence transactions
- **Logic**: Extract Flow transaction records where fee amounts are not null and join with daily FLOW token prices. Fees are already calculated upstream and stored directly as `fee_amount` in FLOW tokens. Convert to USD by multiplying the fee amount by the FLOW token price for that day. Missing fee amounts or prices default to 0.
- **Key fields**: `fee_amount` (direct fee in FLOW tokens), `block_timestamp` (transaction timing), `fee_usd` (calculated USD fee amount)

### Final aggregation
- **Combining components**: Union all USD fee values from both Flow EVM and Flow transactions, grouping by daily timestamp boundaries using timestamp truncation to day level
- **Currency conversion**: USD conversion occurs before aggregation using end-of-day FLOW token prices joined by truncated daily timestamps
- **Time aggregation**: Transactions are grouped by daily boundaries using timestamp truncation, with all transactions within a day contributing to that day's median calculation
- **Final calculation**: Calculate the median fee across all combined transactions per day using approximate quantiles function with 100 buckets, taking the 50th percentile (median) value. Apply metric finalization with zero-fill strategy for days without transactions, ensuring continuous daily time series data.

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

FlowFLOW

Median transaction fee

Median transaction fee

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