Miners process transactions and receive fees from users (supply-side fees).

Dogecoin is a distributed ledger for transfer and store of value (a blockchain). Dogecoin was founded by Billy Markus & Jackson Palmer and launched in 2013.

DOGE holders own and govern the protocol. They currently do not take a cut of the total transaction fees paid by users (revenue).

github

twitter

discord

website

Blockchains (L1)

Dogecoin

# Dogecoin Average fees per user (AFPU) Methodology

## 1. Overview

Average fees per user (AFPU) measures the average transaction fees paid per daily active user on the Dogecoin network. This metric helps assess the average cost burden per user and the network's fee efficiency. The calculation divides total daily fees (in USD) by the number of daily active users, where users are identified as addresses that send transactions.

## 2. Data sources

The calculation relies on several core data sources:
- **Dogecoin transaction records**: Complete transaction data including block timestamps, transaction hashes, input arrays, output arrays, and coinbase flags
- **Transaction input/output data**: JSON-formatted input and output arrays containing transaction hashes, output indices, values, and scriptPubKey address information
- **End-of-day price feeds**: USD pricing data for DOGE token conversion from native values
- **Token metadata**: Decimal precision information for proper value calculations

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: Address resolution and user identification
- **Purpose**: Extract and resolve user addresses from transaction outputs to enable user tracking
- **Logic**: The system processes transaction outputs by parsing the JSON-formatted `scriptPubKey` field to extract address arrays. When multiple addresses exist in an output, the first address is selected. Each transaction output is associated with its transaction hash and output index. For user identification, the system traces transaction inputs back to their originating outputs by matching the input's `txid` and `vout` fields to previously resolved transaction hashes and output indices. This creates a mapping that identifies which user address is spending funds in each transaction input.
- **Key fields**: `transaction_hash`, `output_index`, `user_address` extracted from `scriptPubKey.addresses[0]`

### Component B: Daily active user counting
- **Purpose**: Count distinct users who send transactions each day
- **Logic**: The system identifies daily active users by extracting all transaction inputs for each day and resolving them to user addresses through the address resolution mapping. Data processing is split into two time periods: historical data before 2019-01-01 and recent data from 2019-01-01 onwards for performance optimization. For each day, the system collects all unique user addresses that appear as transaction senders. Distinct user counting uses HyperLogLog aggregation to efficiently handle large datasets and provide accurate estimates. The counting excludes coinbase transactions since they don't represent user-initiated activity.
- **Key fields**: Daily aggregated `user_address` counts using HyperLogLog, `timestamp` truncated to day boundaries

### Component C: Fee calculation and USD conversion
- **Purpose**: Calculate total daily transaction fees and convert to USD values
- **Logic**: Fee calculation processes all non-coinbase transactions by computing the difference between total input values and total output values for each transaction. Input values are determined by joining transaction inputs to their corresponding outputs using transaction hash and output index matching. Output values are extracted directly from the transaction's output array. The difference represents the transaction fee paid to miners. Daily fees are aggregated by summing all transaction fees within each day. Native DOGE fee values are converted to USD using end-of-day price feeds, ensuring consistent daily pricing across all transactions.
- **Key fields**: `fee_native` calculated as input value minus output value, converted to `fees_usd` using daily price feeds

### Final aggregation
- **Combining components**: The system combines daily fee totals (in USD) with daily active user counts through a division operation
- **Currency conversion**: All fees are converted from native DOGE to USD using end-of-day price feeds applied consistently across daily aggregations
- **Time aggregation**: Both fees and user counts use daily boundary logic with timestamps truncated to day precision
- **Final calculation**: Average fees per user equals total daily fees in USD divided by the daily active user count, with zero-filling applied for days with missing data to maintain continuous time series

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

DogecoinDOGE

Average fees per user (AFPU)

Average fees per user (AFPU)

Competitive landscape