Collators aggregate parachain transactions block candidates and producing state transition proofs for validators based on those blocks.

Darwinia Network is a decentralized blockchain for cross-chain interoperability and decentralized finance infrastructure powered by Polkadot Relay chain.

RING holders own and govern the protocol. Darwinia Network’s investors include HashKey, Waterdrip Capital, SevenX Ventures, etc.

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Darwinia Network

# Darwinia Network Earnings Methodology

## 1. Overview

Earnings is defined as the net value a project retains after subtracting all expenses from its revenue. For Darwinia Network, this metric is calculated as total revenue minus total expenses, with data capped up to September 24, 2026. Token incentives paid to stakers are subtracted from fees collected from both Layer 1 (Substrate) and Darwinia EVM transactions. Operational profitability and sustainability are reflected through this calculation.

## 2. Data sources

- **Blockchain events**: `TransactionFeePaid` events, `Executed` events from `ethereum` pallets, `Withdraw` and `Deposit` events from `balances` pallets, `Payout` events from `darwiniaStaking` pallets, and `NewAccount` events from `system` pallets, covering the Darwinia chain
- **External data**: End-of-day price feeds for the Darwinia native asset

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: Layer 1 fee collection

- **Purpose**: Captures transaction fees and tips from Substrate-based transactions
- **Logic**: Successful `TransactionFeePaid` events are extracted from Darwinia blockchain logs, with the fee amount and tip parsed from the event data. Amounts are normalized by decimal precision from the native asset format. Only successful transactions are included to ensure accurate fee accounting.
- **Key fields**: `amount`, `tip`, `block_timestamp`, `extrinsic_hash`

### Component B: Darwinia EVM fee collection

- **Purpose**: Tracks EVM transaction fees processed through the Darwinia EVM layer
- **Logic**: EVM transaction execution is identified through `Executed` events in the `ethereum` pallet, which are then matched with corresponding `Withdraw` and `Deposit` events in the `balances` pallet. Account mapping is used to convert between Substrate SS58 addresses and EVM addresses, ensuring fee attribution to the correct transaction signers. Withdraw and deposit amounts are netted to calculate actual fees paid, with filtering applied to only include transactions where the balance event signer matches the EVM execution signer.
- **Key fields**: `transaction_fee`, `signer_address`, `extrinsic_id`

### Component C: Staking reward distribution

- **Purpose**: Calculates token incentives paid out as staking rewards
- **Logic**: `Payout` events are extracted from the `darwiniaStaking` pallet, where reward distributions to validators and delegators are recorded. Amounts are extracted from event data and normalized by decimal precision. These payouts are treated as the primary protocol expense in the form of token incentives.
- **Key fields**: `amount`, `block_timestamp`, `extrinsic_id`

### Component D: Account mapping

- **Purpose**: Enables proper fee attribution between Substrate and EVM layers
- **Logic**: `NewAccount` events are processed from the `system` pallet to establish mappings between Substrate SS58 addresses and their corresponding EVM addresses. SS58 addresses are decoded and EVM addresses are derived using the keccak256 hash function with the "evm:" prefix methodology specific to Darwinia's dual-layer architecture.
- **Key fields**: `parachain_account`, `evm_account`

### Component E: USD conversion and aggregation

- **Purpose**: Combines fee components, applies token incentives, and normalizes to USD
- **Logic**: Layer 1 and Darwinia EVM fees are summed daily to calculate total revenue, while staking rewards are aggregated daily to represent total expenses. Both revenue and expense amounts are converted to USD using end-of-day price feeds for the Darwinia native asset, applied at the daily timestamp boundary. Daily earnings are calculated as daily revenue minus daily expenses, with zero-filling applied for any missing data points to ensure complete time series coverage. All calculations are restricted to timestamps on or before September 24, 2026.
- **Key fields**: `revenue`, `expenses`, `earnings`, `timestamp`

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

Net profit (also profits, net income, profitability) — revenue remaining after subtracting expenses.

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