Network participants process transactions and receive fees from users (supply-side fees).

Cosmos Hub is an interoperability & security platform for blockchains and applications. Cosmos was founded by Ethan Buchman & Jae Kwon and launched in 2019.

ATOM holders own and govern the protocol. They currently take a cut of the total transaction fees paid by users (revenue). Cosmos’s investors include Paradigm, IOSG Ventures, 1confirmation, etc.

governance

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Blockchains (L1)

Cosmos Hub

# Cosmos Hub Number of validators Methodology

## 1. Overview

The Cosmos number of validators metric measures the count of unique validators who actively participated in block production on the Cosmos Hub network on any given day. This metric answers the business question: "How many distinct validators were actively producing blocks each day?" The calculation approach identifies unique validators by counting distinct proposer addresses from daily block production data.

## 2. Data sources

The calculation relies on the following raw data source:
- **Cosmos Hub blockchain block data**: Contains complete block metadata including block timestamps, sequential block heights, and validator proposer addresses for every block produced on the Cosmos Hub network

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: Block data extraction and cleaning
- **Purpose**: Extracts and standardizes raw Cosmos Hub block data for analysis
- **Logic**: Retrieves block metadata from Cosmos Hub blockchain data, extracting the block production timestamp, sequential block height, and the validator proposer address that identifies which validator produced each block. The data undergoes incremental processing with a lookback period to handle potential data corrections or reprocessing needs.
- **Key fields**: `block_timestamp` for timing analysis, `block_number` for sequencing, and `validator` containing the proposer address that identifies the block producer

### Component B: Daily validator aggregation
- **Purpose**: Counts unique validators who produced blocks each day
- **Logic**: Groups all block data by daily boundaries using timestamp truncation to day-level granularity. For each day, performs a distinct count on validator proposer addresses to identify how many unique validators were actively producing blocks. The aggregation treats each unique proposer address as a separate validator, regardless of how many blocks they produced that day.
- **Key fields**: `timestamp` truncated to daily boundaries, `number_of_validators` containing the distinct count of validator proposer addresses per day

### Final aggregation
- **Combining components**: The daily validator counts are processed through a metric finalization macro that standardizes the output format and applies a fill-zeros strategy to ensure complete time series data
- **Currency conversion**: Not applicable for this count-based metric
- **Time aggregation**: Data is aggregated to daily boundaries with consistent timestamp truncation to ensure proper grouping
- **Final calculation**: The final metric value represents the count of distinct validator proposer addresses that produced at least one block on each given day, with missing days filled with zero values to maintain complete time series continuity

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

Number of active validators securing the network.

Cosmos HubATOM

Number of validators

Number of validators

Competitive landscape