Validators process transactions and receive fees from users (supply-side fees). DA costs for users are reflected in the transactions fees paid.

Celestia is a proof of stake blockchain optimized for data availability (DA). Celestia was founded by Mustafa Al-Bassam, etc. and launched in 2023.

TIA holders own and govern the protocol. They currently do not take a cut of the total transaction fees paid by users (revenue). Celestia's investors include Polychain Capital, Placeholder, Coinbase Ventures, etc.

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Blockchains (L1)

Celestia

# Celestia Transactions per second Methodology

## 1. Overview

Transactions per second (TPS) measures the average number of transactions processed per second on the Celestia blockchain on a daily basis. This metric provides insight into the network's transaction throughput and activity level by taking the total daily transaction count and dividing by the number of seconds in a day (86,400). The metric answers the business question: "What is Celestia's average transaction processing rate?"

## 2. Data sources

- **Celestia blockchain transaction records**: Raw transaction data from the Celestia network including transaction hashes, block timestamps, and transaction identifiers
- **Transaction fee data**: Transaction fee amounts and tip amounts paid on Celestia transactions, used for filtering valid transactions
- **Block timestamp data**: Celestia block timestamps used to determine when transactions occurred for daily aggregation

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: Transaction data preparation
- **Purpose**: Filter and prepare raw Celestia transaction data for aggregation
- **Logic**: Raw Celestia transaction data is filtered to exclude failed transactions by removing any transactions where the `transaction_fee` field is null. Transaction fees are normalized by converting from the smallest denomination to the standard unit by dividing `transaction_fee` by 10^6, and adding the `transaction_tip` amount similarly normalized. This ensures only successfully processed transactions with valid fee data are included in the calculation.
- **Key fields**: `block_timestamp` for temporal aggregation, `transaction_hash` for unique transaction identification, `transaction_fee` and `transaction_tip` for validation filtering

### Component B: Daily transaction aggregation  
- **Purpose**: Count unique transactions per day across the Celestia network
- **Logic**: Transactions are grouped by day using timestamp truncation of the `block_timestamp` to day granularity. For each day, the system counts distinct `transaction_hash` values to determine the total number of unique transactions processed. The aggregation includes standard metadata fields like chain identifier ('celestia'), market sector ('blockchains_l1'), and business segment ('blockchain'). Missing dates are handled using a fill-zeros strategy to ensure complete time series data.
- **Key fields**: Truncated `timestamp` for daily boundaries, `transaction_count` as the distinct count of transaction hashes, `chain_id` set to 'celestia'

### Final aggregation
- **Combining components**: The daily transaction counts from component B are used directly as input for the per-second calculation
- **Currency conversion**: No currency conversion is required as this is a transaction count metric
- **Time aggregation**: Data is aggregated to daily boundaries using timestamp truncation, with incremental processing for efficiency
- **Final calculation**: The transactions per second rate is calculated by dividing the daily `transaction_count` by the number of seconds in a day (86,400 seconds). This provides the average transactions per second for each day. The calculation uses safe division to handle edge cases where transaction counts might be zero or null.

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

Average confirmed user transactions added per second.

CelestiaTIA

Transactions per second

Transactions per second

Competitive landscape