Validators process transactions and receive fees from users (supply-side fees). DA costs for users are reflected in the transactions fees paid.

Celestia is a proof of stake blockchain optimized for data availability (DA). Celestia was founded by Mustafa Al-Bassam, etc. and launched in 2023.

TIA holders own and govern the protocol. They currently do not take a cut of the total transaction fees paid by users (revenue). Celestia's investors include Polychain Capital, Placeholder, Coinbase Ventures, etc.

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# Celestia Median transaction fee Methodology

## 1. Overview

The Celestia transaction fee median measures the daily median transaction fee paid on the Celestia blockchain, expressed in USD. This metric provides insight into the typical cost users pay for transactions on Celestia, filtering out extreme values that could skew a simple average. The calculation processes all successful transactions daily, computes the median fee amount, and converts the result to USD for standardized reporting.

## 2. Data sources

- **Celestia blockchain transaction records**: Raw transaction data from the Celestia network containing transaction hashes, block timestamps, base fees, and tips
- **CoinGecko end-of-day price feeds**: Daily TIA token prices for USD conversion

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: Transaction fee processing
- **Purpose**: Extract and standardize transaction fee data from raw Celestia blockchain records
- **Logic**: Raw transaction data is processed to combine the base `transaction_fee` and `transaction_tip` amounts. Both values are converted from their native microTIA units to TIA by dividing by 10^6 (1,000,000). Failed transactions are identified by null fee values and excluded from analysis to ensure only successful, fee-paying transactions are included in the median calculation.
- **Key fields**: `transaction_fee` (base fee in microTIA), `transaction_tip` (additional tip in microTIA), `block_timestamp` (transaction timestamp), `transaction_hash` (unique transaction identifier)

### Component B: Daily median calculation
- **Purpose**: Calculate the median transaction fee for each day
- **Logic**: Valid transactions are grouped by day using timestamp truncation to daily boundaries. For each day, the median transaction fee is computed using statistical approximation methods that calculate the 50th percentile across all transaction fees for that day. This approach provides a robust measure of central tendency that is less sensitive to outliers than arithmetic means.
- **Key fields**: `daily_timestamp` (truncated to day boundary), `transaction_fee_median` (50th percentile fee amount in TIA)

### Component C: USD conversion
- **Purpose**: Convert TIA-denominated fees to USD for standardized reporting
- **Logic**: Daily median transaction fees in TIA are joined with end-of-day TIA price data from CoinGecko. The conversion multiplies the median fee amount by the corresponding daily TIA/USD exchange rate to produce USD-denominated values.
- **Key fields**: `transaction_fee_median_usd` (median fee converted to USD)

### Final aggregation
- **Combining components**: The processing flows sequentially from raw transaction data through fee standardization, daily grouping, median calculation, and USD conversion
- **Currency conversion**: USD conversion uses end-of-day TIA token prices from CoinGecko, applied to daily median values
- **Time aggregation**: Daily boundaries are established by truncating block timestamps to day precision, ensuring consistent 24-hour periods
- **Final calculation**: The final metric represents the daily median transaction fee (base fee plus tip) paid by users on Celestia, expressed in USD, with zero-filling applied to dates where no transactions occurred

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

CelestiaTIA

Median transaction fee

Median transaction fee

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