Validators process transactions and receive fees from users (supply-side fees). DA costs for users are reflected in the transactions fees paid.

Celestia is a proof of stake blockchain optimized for data availability (DA). Celestia was founded by Mustafa Al-Bassam, etc. and launched in 2023.

TIA holders own and govern the protocol. They currently do not take a cut of the total transaction fees paid by users (revenue). Celestia's investors include Polychain Capital, Placeholder, Coinbase Ventures, etc.

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# Celestia Block time Methodology

## 1. Overview

The Celestia block time metric measures the average time between consecutive blocks on the Celestia network, aggregated on a daily basis. This metric provides insight into the network's block production performance and consistency. The calculation measures the time intervals between sequential blocks and averages them within each day, expressed in milliseconds.

## 2. Data sources

The calculation uses the following raw data sources:

- **Celestia blockchain data**: Raw block records from the Celestia network containing block timestamps, block heights, and validator information
- **Block timestamps**: Precise timing data for when each block was produced on the Celestia network
- **Block height sequences**: Sequential block numbers that establish the ordering of blocks for interval calculations

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: Block data extraction
- **Purpose**: Retrieves basic block information and filters out invalid records
- **Logic**: Extracts block timestamps and block numbers from raw Celestia blockchain data. Excludes the genesis block (block number 0) which has an invalid timestamp at the start of Unix time that would skew calculations. For incremental processing, only processes blocks from recent days to maintain efficiency.
- **Key fields**: `block_timestamp` (when the block was produced), `block_number` (sequential height)

### Component B: Timestamp pairing
- **Purpose**: Associates each block with its immediate predecessor to enable interval calculation
- **Logic**: Uses a lag window function ordered by block number to pair each block with the timestamp of the previous block. This creates the data structure needed to calculate time differences between consecutive blocks.
- **Key fields**: `block_timestamp` (current block time), `previous_timestamp` (preceding block time), `block_number` (for ordering)

### Component C: Block interval calculation
- **Purpose**: Computes the actual time intervals between consecutive blocks
- **Logic**: Calculates the time difference in milliseconds between each block and its predecessor using timestamp subtraction. Truncates block timestamps to daily boundaries for aggregation. Excludes any records where there is no previous timestamp (the first block after genesis).
- **Key fields**: `timestamp` (daily boundary), `block_time` (millisecond interval)

### Final aggregation
- **Combining components**: Groups all block intervals by day and calculates the average block time for each 24-hour period
- **Currency conversion**: Not applicable for this time-based metric
- **Time aggregation**: Uses daily boundaries with timestamp truncation to group blocks, then averages all intervals within each day
- **Final calculation**: The final metric value is the arithmetic mean of all block time intervals (in milliseconds) that occurred within each calendar day, providing a daily average block time for the Celestia network

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

avg(block_timestamp - previous_block_timestamp)

CelestiaTIA

Block time

Block time

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