Validators process transactions and receive fees from users (supply-side fees).

Cardano is a smart contract platform for decentralized applications (a blockchain). Cardano was founded by Charles Hoskinson & Jeremy Wood and launched in 2017.

ADA holders own and govern the protocol. They currently do not take a cut of the total transaction fees paid by users (revenue).

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Blockchains (L1)

Cardano

# Cardano Transactions per second Methodology

## 1. Overview

Transactions per second measures the average number of confirmed user transactions added to the Cardano blockchain each second. This metric reflects both the processing throughput of the network and real-time user activity. The value is calculated by dividing the total number of distinct transactions recorded in a 24-hour period by the total number of seconds available in that day.

## 2. Data sources

- **Blockchain events**: Transaction records from the blockchain, covering Cardano

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: Daily transaction aggregation

- **Purpose**: Aggregates the total volume of transactions processed by the network on a daily basis
- **Logic**: Unique transaction hashes are identified and counted from the Cardano ledger. These counts are grouped into daily intervals based on the block timestamp associated with each transaction.
- **Key fields**: `transaction_hash`, `block_timestamp`

### Component B: Per-second throughput calculation

- **Purpose**: Converts the total daily transaction volume into a per-second rate
- **Logic**: The sum of daily transactions is divided by 86,400, representing the total number of seconds in a day. This calculation yields the average throughput for each timestamped period.
- **Key fields**: `transaction_count`

### Component C: Aggregation and validation

- **Purpose**: Ensures data consistency and provides a continuous time series
- **Logic**: The resulting values are averaged and cast to a standard numerical format. A zero-filling strategy is applied to any days where no activity is recorded to ensure no gaps exist in the time series. The data is then filtered based on the approved availability and freshness of the underlying chain data.
- **Key fields**: `transactions_per_second`, `timestamp`

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

Average confirmed user transactions added per second.

CardanoADA

Transactions per second

Transactions per second

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