Validators process transactions and receive fees from users (supply-side fees).

BNB Chain is a smart contract platform for decentralized applications (a blockchain). BNB Chain was founded by Changpeng Zhao and launched in 2020.

BNB holders own and govern the protocol. They currently take a cut of the total transaction fees paid by users (revenue).

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BNB Chain

# BNB Chain Average transaction fee Methodology

## 1. Overview

The BSC average transaction fee metric measures the mean cost per transaction across the BSC ecosystem, including both BSC L1 and opBNB L2 networks. This metric provides insight into network usage costs and is calculated by dividing total daily transaction fees by total daily transaction count, expressed in USD.

## 2. Data sources

- **BSC L1 blockchain transaction records**: Complete transaction data including gas usage, effective gas prices, and blob gas information
- **opBNB L2 blockchain transaction records**: Layer 2 transaction data with both L1 and L2 gas components, including gas usage, gas prices, L1 gas usage, L1 gas prices, and fee scalars
- **End-of-day token price feeds**: WBNB and BNB price data for USD conversion
- **BSC account labels**: Optional metadata for contract and account classification

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: BSC L1 daily fees
- **Purpose**: Calculate total daily transaction fees for BSC L1 network
- **Logic**: Extract all BSC transactions and sum gas costs by day. For each transaction, multiply `gas_used` by `effective_gas_price` to get the base gas fee. Add any blob gas costs by multiplying `blob_gas_used` by `blob_gas_price`. Convert amounts from wei to BNB by dividing by 10^18. Aggregate all transaction fees by day using timestamp truncation to daily boundaries.
- **Key fields**: `gas_used`, `effective_gas_price`, `blob_gas_used`, `blob_gas_price`, `block_timestamp`

### Component B: opBNB L2 daily fees  
- **Purpose**: Calculate total daily transaction fees for opBNB Layer 2 network
- **Logic**: Process opBNB transactions to calculate both L1 and L2 fee components. For L2 fees, multiply `gas_used` by `gas_price` and divide by 10^18. For L1 fees, multiply `l1_gas_used` by `l1_gas_price` and by `l1_fee_scalar`, then divide by 10^18. Sum both L1 and L2 components for each transaction's total fee. Aggregate by day using timestamp truncation.
- **Key fields**: `gas_used`, `gas_price`, `l1_gas_used`, `l1_gas_price`, `l1_fee_scalar`, `block_timestamp`

### Component C: Combined fee calculation
- **Purpose**: Merge BSC L1 and opBNB L2 fees and convert to USD
- **Logic**: Union daily fee totals from both networks, maintaining separate chain identifiers. Convert native token amounts to USD using end-of-day WBNB and BNB price feeds. Apply appropriate decimal corrections and currency conversion using the `convert_to_usd_and_correct_decimals` transformation.
- **Key fields**: `fees`, `token_address`, `chain_id`, `timestamp`

### Component D: Daily transaction count
- **Purpose**: Count total daily transactions across both networks
- **Logic**: Count distinct transaction hashes by day for both BSC L1 and opBNB L2 networks. Group transactions by timestamp, chain, and recipient address. Optionally enrich with account labels for classification. Aggregate all transactions regardless of labels to produce total daily counts for each network.
- **Key fields**: `transaction_hash`, `block_timestamp`, `to_address`, `chain_id`

### Final aggregation
- **Combining components**: Join daily fee totals with daily transaction counts by timestamp. Both components use daily timestamp truncation for alignment.
- **Currency conversion**: All fees are converted to USD using end-of-day price feeds for WBNB and BNB tokens before the final calculation
- **Time aggregation**: Data is aggregated to daily boundaries using timestamp truncation to day level
- **Final calculation**: Divide total daily fees in USD by total daily transaction count using safe division to handle cases where transaction count might be zero. This produces the average fee per transaction in USD for each day.

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

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Average transaction fee

Average transaction fee

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