website

twitter

discord

github

Blockchains (L1)

Berachain

# Berachain Average fees per user (AFPU) Methodology

## 1. Overview

Average Fees Per User (AFPU) measures the average amount of transaction fees paid per active user on Berachain on a daily basis. This metric is calculated by dividing the total daily transaction fees (in USD) by the number of daily active users. AFPU helps assess the economic activity intensity and fee burden per user on the Berachain network, providing insights into user behavior and network economics.

## 2. Data sources

- **Berachain transaction records**: Complete transaction data including sender addresses, gas usage, gas prices, priority fees, and timestamps
- **Berachain block records**: Block-level data containing base fee per gas information and block timestamps
- **End-of-day price feeds**: Daily closing prices for BERA token to enable USD conversion
- **Token metadata**: BERA token information including the hardcoded token contract address and symbol

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: Daily active users calculation
- **Purpose**: Identifies and counts unique active users on Berachain per day
- **Logic**: Extracts all transaction sender addresses from Berachain transaction records and groups them by day using timestamp truncation to daily boundaries. Uses HyperLogLog (HLL) algorithm to efficiently count distinct users, enabling scalable aggregation across multiple dimensions including chain-level, user-type-level, and product-level breakdowns. All transaction senders are classified as 'Transaction sender' user type within the 'blockchains_l1' market sector and 'blockchain' business segment
- **Key fields**: `from_address` as the user identifier, `block_timestamp` for daily grouping, `user_type` set to 'Transaction sender'

### Component B: Transaction fees calculation  
- **Purpose**: Calculates the total transaction fees paid on Berachain in USD
- **Logic**: Combines transaction records with corresponding block records to access both gas usage metrics and base fee information. Calculates total fees by multiplying `gas_used` by `gas_price`, priority fees by multiplying `priority_fee_per_gas` by `gas_used`, and base fees by multiplying `base_fee_per_gas` by `gas_used`. All fee calculations are converted from wei to BERA tokens by dividing by 1e18. The primary fee amount used is the total fee calculated from gas used and gas price. Fee amounts are then converted from BERA to USD using end-of-day price feeds and aggregated to daily totals
- **Key fields**: `gas_used`, `gas_price`, `priority_fee_per_gas`, `base_fee_per_gas` for fee calculations; `token_address` hardcoded to '0x6969696969696969696969696969696969696969' and `token_symbol` set to 'BERA'

### Final aggregation
- **Combining components**: The total daily fees in USD are divided by the daily active user count using a specialized ratio calculation macro that handles edge cases and ensures proper data alignment by timestamp
- **Currency conversion**: BERA token amounts are converted to USD using end-of-day price feeds, with decimal correction applied as needed for proper unit conversion
- **Time aggregation**: Both fees and user counts are aggregated to daily boundaries using timestamp truncation to day granularity, ensuring consistent time alignment between numerator and denominator
- **Final calculation**: AFPU = Total Daily Fees (USD) ÷ Daily Active Users. The result is formatted with proper schema validation, missing days are filled with zero values, and chain availability filters are applied to exclude periods when the network was inactive

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

BerachainBERA

Average fees per user (AFPU)

Average fees per user (AFPU)

Competitive landscape