Validators process transactions and receive fees from users (supply-side fees).

Astar is a collective driving web3 adoption by connecting people through blockchain technology, business innovation, decentralized applications, and seamless digital experiences in the Polkadot ecosystem. Astar was founded by Sota Watanabe and launched in 2021.

ASTR tokenholders own and govern the protocol. Part of the transaction fees is burned (revenue). Astar’s investors include Binance, Polychain Capital, Crypto.com, etc.

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Astar

# Astar Expenses Methodology

## 1. Overview

The Astar expenses metric measures the daily operational costs of the Astar network, calculated as the total value of block rewards distributed to validators and dApp staking participants. This metric represents the network's inflation-based incentive system costs, which are essential for maintaining network security and encouraging participation in the ecosystem. The calculation treats block rewards as network expenses since they represent the cost of operating and securing the blockchain through validator incentives and dApp staking rewards.

## 2. Data sources

The calculation relies on the following raw data sources:
- **Astar blockchain events**: Native Astar blockchain event logs, specifically from the `balances` pallet containing `Minted` events that represent block reward distributions
- **Blockchain metadata**: Astar block timestamps and block numbers for proper daily aggregation and tracking
- **External price data**: End-of-day price feeds from CoinGecko for ASTAR token USD conversion

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: Block reward extraction
- **Purpose**: Identifies and extracts all block reward distributions from Astar blockchain events
- **Logic**: Filters Astar blockchain events to find reward distribution events by selecting events from the `balances` pallet with the `Minted` method. These events represent the network's inflation-based reward system where new tokens are minted and distributed to validators and dApp staking participants at each block. The reward amount is extracted from the event data structure, specifically from the second element of the event data JSON array, and converted from wei units to native ASTAR tokens by dividing by 10^18
- **Key fields**: `timestamp` for daily aggregation, `block_number` for event tracking, `event_index` for uniqueness, and `amount` representing the reward value in native tokens

### Component B: Daily aggregation and USD conversion
- **Purpose**: Aggregates block rewards by day and converts to USD values
- **Logic**: Groups all block reward events by day using timestamp truncation to daily boundaries, then sums all reward amounts for each day. The daily totals are tagged with metadata including product identifier as 'Astar Substrate', chain identifier as 'astar', CoinGecko identifier for price lookups, and reward type as 'Block rewards'. The aggregated daily amounts in native ASTAR tokens are then converted to USD using end-of-day price feeds from CoinGecko
- **Key fields**: Daily aggregated `token_incentives` amounts, `timestamp` for daily boundaries, `product_id` and `chain_id` for identification, and USD conversion results

### Final aggregation
- **Combining components**: The daily USD-converted token incentive amounts flow directly into the final expenses calculation without additional aggregation, as the metric treats token incentives and expenses as equivalent for Astar
- **Currency conversion**: USD conversion occurs using CoinGecko end-of-day price feeds applied to daily aggregated ASTAR token amounts
- **Time aggregation**: Data is aggregated to daily boundaries using timestamp truncation, with all block rewards within each day summed together
- **Final calculation**: The final expenses value equals the daily sum of all block rewards converted to USD, representing the network's operational costs for maintaining security and incentivizing participation through its inflation-based reward system

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

Total project operating and incentive expenses.

AstarASTR

Expenses

Expenses

Competitive landscape

Chain breakdown