Astar zkEVM batches users' transactions and submits them to Ethereum, paying a share of the transaction fees to Ethereum validators (expense).

Astar zkEVM is an L2 smart contract platform for decentralized applications on Ethereum. Astar zkEVM was founded by the Astar Network team and launched in 2024.

ASTR tokenholders own and govern the protocol. They currently run the only sequencer and take a cut of the total transaction fees paid by users (revenue). Astar Network’s investors include Polychain, Alchemy Ventures, Vessel Capital, etc.