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Abstract
Projects

Abstract

Blockchains (L2)

Overview

What is Abstract?
Abstract is an L2 smart contract platform for decentralized applications on Ethereum. Abstract was founded by Luca Netz and the Igloo Inc. team, and launched in 2025.
How does Abstract work?
Abstract batches users' transactions and submits them to Ethereum, paying a share of the transaction fees to Ethereum validators (expense).
Who governs Abstract?
Abstract team & investors own and govern the protocol. Abstract's investors include Founders Fund, 1kx, Fenbush Capital, etc.
ExpenseL1 validators' share of fees$80L1 validatorsRevenueAbstract's share of fees$100Connects L1 validators and usersFeesTransaction fees$100Users
The values in this graphic are examples and do not reflect actual values. Treat them as approximations.