# Circulating asset market cap methodology

## 1. Overview

Circulating asset market cap measures the total value that has been tokenized onchain for a specific asset. It is calculated by multiplying the circulating supply of the asset by its end-of-day market price. For stablecoins, this metric represents the total outstanding supply; for tokenized funds, it reflects the onchain assets under management (AUM); and for tokenized stocks, it measures the total supply of shares issued onchain.

## 2. Data sources

- **EVM chain events**: ERC-20 `Transfer` events, covering Ethereum, Arbitrum, Base, Polygon, Optimism, and others
- **Solana instructions**: SPL token `Mint` and `Burn` instructions
- **Other blockchain data**: Issuance and redemption events from Aptos, Near, Polkadot Asset Hub, and Stellar
- **Asset metadata**: Token addresses and decimal precision
- **External data**: End-of-day price feeds

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: Identification of supply changes

- **Purpose**: Identify all onchain events that increase or decrease the total supply of an asset
- **Logic**: On EVM-compatible chains, ERC-20 `Transfer` events are parsed to identify mints (where the sender is the zero address) and burns (where the recipient is the zero address). On Solana, SPL token `Mint` and `Burn` instructions are retrieved. On other chains, such as Aptos or Polkadot Asset Hub, equivalent issuance and destruction events are identified from the respective asset programs or pallets.
- **Key fields**: `amount` (quantity of tokens), `token_address` (unique asset identifier), `timestamp` (time of the event)

### Component B: Normalization and daily supply aggregation

- **Purpose**: Convert raw event data into a continuous daily circulating supply time series
- **Logic**: Raw token amounts are normalized by decimal precision retrieved from asset metadata. The daily circulating supply is determined by calculating the cumulative sum of all identified mint and burn events for each asset. For days where no onchain activity occurs, the supply value is filled with the last known value to ensure a continuous daily record.
- **Key fields**: `amount` (normalized quantity), `timestamp` (truncated to daily grain)

### Component C: Final market cap calculation

- **Purpose**: Combine supply data with market prices to determine the total USD value
- **Logic**: The daily circulating supply is multiplied by the end-of-day market price sourced from market data providers. Data is aggregated across all supported chains to provide a comprehensive view of the asset's onchain presence. The final USD conversion is applied: `amount_usd = amount × price_usd`.
- **Key fields**: `price_usd` (end-of-day market price), `amount_usd` (final circulating market cap)

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

Tokenized asset value / AUM (assets under management) — price times circulating supply.

Circulating asset market cap

Tokenized commodities

The platform operates through a comprehensive infrastructure that includes Chainlink oracles for verified price data, Chainlink Proof of Reserve for transparent collateral verification, and Chainlink CCIP for cross-chain bridging capabilities. xStocks provides both retail products through partnerships with major exchanges like Kraken and Bybit, and institutional tokenization services that allow funds and financial institutions to create custom tokenized investment products within weeks. The business model encompasses both direct token issuance and a turnkey tokenization platform for enterprise clients seeking to digitize their investment strategies and fund structures.

xStocks creates tokenized representations of real-world assets (RWAs) including stocks and ETFs as ERC-20 tokens called xStocks that are fully composable with DeFi protocols. Each token is backed 1:1 by the underlying asset held by licensed third-party custodians, allowing users to gain exposure to traditional financial markets within the decentralized finance ecosystem. The platform offers multichain support and enables users to bridge assets across different blockchains while maintaining full redeemability for the underlying asset's cash value.

xStocks is a Swiss-based fintech company that specializes in bringing traditional financial assets onto blockchain infrastructure through tokenization. The company operates under a compliant regulatory framework based on the Swiss DLT Act to provide institutional-grade tokenized securities.

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Real-world asset (RWA) issuers

xStocks

United States Oil Fund xStock (USOx) is a token tracking WTI crude oil, backed by dedicated collateral, issued by xStocks through Backed Assets (JE) Limited.

Each token tracks one barrel of WTI crude oil and is a collateral-backed contractual exposure rather than a direct claim on the issuer.

The backing metal is held in vaults operated by Alpaca Securities LLC, InCore Bank AG, Maerki Baumann & Co. AG, and GTN Europe Financial Services Limited on a segregated basis.

Retail investors, professional investors, and qualified investors can mint and redeem directly with xStocks after completing KYC, and holders have a contractual right to redeem, with two-to-five-business-day settlement.

Backed Assets (JE) Limited is incorporated in Jersey, is offered under an SEC Regulation S exemption, is offered under an EU-approved prospectus, is structured under the Swiss DLT Act, is issued under Jersey Financial Services Commission consent, and is supervised by the Jersey Financial Services Commission and the Financial Market Authority Liechtenstein.

Holder terms are governed by the law of Jersey.

USOx has been issued on public blockchains since September 2026 and is native to 9 networks, including Arbitrum One, BNB Chain, Ethereum, HyperEVM, Ink, and OP Mainnet.

United States Oil Fund xStockUSOx