Users sign up for World ID by visiting a Worldcoin Operator and verifying their unique personhood at an Orb. The Orb uses iris biometrics to establish an individual’s unique personhood and then creates a digital World ID, which is stored on the users device using a compatible identity wallet. World App is built on top of Safe's smart contract accounts and also serves as an identity wallet.

Worldcoin is an open source protocol primarily consisting of World ID - a privacy-preserving digital identity and World App - a fully self custodial wallet. Worldcoin was founded by Sam Altman, Alex Blania and Max Novendstern and publicly launched in July 2023.

Worldcoin is currently governed by the Worldcoin Foundation, but intends to decentralize governance over time. Worldcoin's investors include a16z, Multicoin Capital, 1confirmation, CoinFund etc.

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Worldcoin

# Worldcoin Token holders Methodology

## 1. Overview

The Worldcoin tokenholders metric measures the total number of unique addresses that hold any amount of Worldcoin (WLD) tokens at the end of each day. This metric answers the question "How many addresses currently own Worldcoin tokens?" and serves as a key indicator of token distribution and adoption. The calculation identifies all addresses with positive token balances by analyzing the complete history of token transfers on the Optimism blockchain.

## 2. Data sources

The calculation relies on the following raw data sources:

- **Blockchain events**: Parsed Optimism blockchain event logs, specifically `Transfer` events from the Worldcoin token contract
- **Token contract data**: Events from the Worldcoin token contract at address `0xdc6ff44d5d932cbd77b52e5612ba0529dc6226f1` on Optimism
- **Chain metadata**: Optimism blockchain availability and reliability data to ensure data quality
- **Token metadata**: Worldcoin token decimal precision and configuration data

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: Transfer event processing
- **Purpose**: Extract and process all Worldcoin token transfer events to track token movements between addresses
- **Logic**: The system collects all `Transfer` events emitted by the Worldcoin token contract on Optimism. Each transfer event contains the sender address (`from`), recipient address (`to`), and transfer amount (`value`). Transfer amounts are decoded from blockchain hexadecimal format and adjusted for the token's decimal precision. Special handling is applied for mint events (transfers from zero address) and burn events (transfers to zero address).
- **Key fields**: `from` address, `to` address, `value` amount, `block_timestamp`, `transaction_hash`

### Component B: Balance calculation  
- **Purpose**: Calculate the current token balance for each address by aggregating all historical transfers
- **Logic**: For each unique address that has ever been involved in a Worldcoin transfer, the system calculates the net balance by summing all incoming transfers and subtracting all outgoing transfers. Incoming transfers increase an address's balance, while outgoing transfers decrease it. The calculation processes transfers chronologically to ensure accurate balance tracking. Addresses that have sent away all their tokens will have a zero balance.
- **Key fields**: `address`, `net_balance`, `total_received`, `total_sent`

### Component C: Active tokenholder filtering
- **Purpose**: Identify addresses that currently hold tokens by filtering out zero-balance addresses  
- **Logic**: The system filters the calculated balances to only include addresses with positive token balances. Addresses with exactly zero balance are excluded from the count, as they no longer hold any tokens. This filtering distinguishes between addresses that have never held tokens, addresses that previously held tokens but transferred them away, and addresses that currently hold tokens.
- **Key fields**: `address`, `balance` (where balance > 0)

### Final aggregation
- **Combining components**: The system counts the total number of unique addresses that pass the positive balance filter, resulting in a single daily count of tokenholders
- **Time aggregation**: Daily boundaries are applied using end-of-day timestamps, ensuring each day reflects the tokenholder count at the close of that calendar day
- **Data quality filtering**: Results are filtered to only include time periods when Optimism blockchain data is confirmed as available and reliable, preventing gaps or inaccuracies in the historical record
- **Final calculation**: The final metric value is the count of unique addresses with positive Worldcoin token balances at the end of each day, formatted with standardized metadata including the data identifier and chain information

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

Unique addresses holding a non-zero balance of the project's native token.

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Token holders

Token holders

Competitive landscape

Chain breakdown