Users sign up for World ID by visiting a Worldcoin Operator and verifying their unique personhood at an Orb. The Orb uses iris biometrics to establish an individual’s unique personhood and then creates a digital World ID, which is stored on the users device using a compatible identity wallet. World App is built on top of Safe's smart contract accounts and also serves as an identity wallet.

Worldcoin is an open source protocol primarily consisting of World ID - a privacy-preserving digital identity and World App - a fully self custodial wallet. Worldcoin was founded by Sam Altman, Alex Blania and Max Novendstern and publicly launched in July 2023.

Worldcoin is currently governed by the Worldcoin Foundation, but intends to decentralize governance over time. Worldcoin's investors include a16z, Multicoin Capital, 1confirmation, CoinFund etc.

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Worldcoin

# Worldcoin Block time Methodology

## 1. Overview

Block time measures the average time interval between consecutive blocks on the Worldchain blockchain, aggregated daily. This metric indicates blockchain performance and network health by showing how consistently blocks are produced. The calculation uses raw blockchain block data to compute time differences between consecutive blocks and averages them by day.

## 2. Data sources

- **Worldchain blockchain blocks**: Raw block data from the Worldchain blockchain containing block timestamps and block numbers from block headers
- **Block metadata**: Each block's timestamp and sequential block number used to establish chronological ordering

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: Block timestamp extraction
- **Purpose**: Extract basic block information and filter out invalid blocks
- **Logic**: Retrieves `block_timestamp` and `block_number` from raw Worldchain block data. Excludes the genesis block (block 0) which has an invalid timestamp at the start of Unix time that would skew calculations
- **Key fields**: `block_timestamp` (when the block was mined), `block_number` (sequential block identifier)

### Component B: Consecutive block pairing
- **Purpose**: Pair each block with its immediate predecessor to enable time difference calculation
- **Logic**: Uses a LAG window function ordered by `block_number` to retrieve the previous block's timestamp for each block. This creates pairs of consecutive blocks needed for interval calculation
- **Key fields**: `previous_timestamp` (timestamp of the preceding block), maintaining original `block_timestamp` and `block_number`

### Component C: Block time interval calculation
- **Purpose**: Calculate actual time intervals between consecutive blocks
- **Logic**: Computes the time difference between each block and its predecessor using timestamp subtraction in milliseconds. Truncates block timestamps to daily boundaries for subsequent aggregation. Excludes the first block in the sequence since it has no predecessor
- **Key fields**: `block_time` (interval in milliseconds), `timestamp` (truncated to day boundary)

### Component D: Daily aggregation
- **Purpose**: Average block times within each day and add metadata
- **Logic**: Groups all block intervals by day and calculates the average block time. Adds standard blockchain metadata including chain identifier ('worldchain'), market sector ('blockchains_l2'), business segment ('blockchain'), and product identifier ('worldchain')
- **Key fields**: Daily averaged `block_time`, standardized metadata fields

### Final aggregation
- **Combining components**: Sequential processing through CTEs, with each step building on the previous one's output
- **Currency conversion**: Not applicable - block time is measured in milliseconds, not monetary units
- **Time aggregation**: Daily boundaries using timestamp truncation, with all block intervals within a day averaged together
- **Final calculation**: Average of all block time intervals (in milliseconds) that occurred within each calendar day, excluding genesis block and applying chain availability filters

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

avg(block_timestamp - previous_block_timestamp)

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Block time

Block time

Competitive landscape

Chain breakdown