Validators process & store the uploaded data and collect upload & storage fees from data uploaders (supply-side fees).

Swarm is a data storage network built on Gnosis. Swarm was founded by Viktor Tron, Jeffrey Wilcke and Daniel A. Nagy and launched in 2016.

BZZ tokenholders own and govern the protocol. They currently don’t take a cut of the fees paid by data uploaders.

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Swarm

# Swarm Supply-side fees Methodology

## 1. Overview

Swarm fees supply side measures the total fees collected by the Swarm network from users purchasing postage stamps and topping up existing stamps. This metric represents the revenue generated by the decentralized storage network from its core service offerings. The calculation aggregates daily fees from postage stamp creation and top-up events on the Gnosis chain, converted to USD for standardized reporting.

## 2. Data sources

- **Postage stamp events**: Parsed Gnosis chain events from the Swarm PostageStamp contract, specifically `BatchCreated` and `BatchTopUp` events
- **Token price feeds**: End-of-day BZZ token price data for USD conversion
- **Token metadata**: BZZ token decimal configuration for proper amount normalization
- **Chain configuration**: Mapping between Gnosis chain operations and Ethereum BZZ token for price lookup consistency

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: Raw fees extraction
- **Purpose**: Extract fee amounts from Swarm postage stamp transactions on Gnosis chain
- **Logic**: Process two types of PostageStamp contract events - `BatchCreated` events contain `totalAmount` fees paid for new postage stamp batches, while `BatchTopUp` events contain `topupAmount` fees for extending existing batches. All events are sourced from the Gnosis chain but mapped to the Ethereum BZZ token address for consistent price calculations. Each event includes transaction details, contract address, and the specific fee amount in raw BZZ tokens.
- **Key fields**: `totalAmount` and `topupAmount` fields containing raw BZZ fee amounts, `block_timestamp` for timing, `transaction_hash` and `log_index` for unique identification

### Component B: Fee processing and USD conversion
- **Purpose**: Convert raw BZZ amounts to properly formatted USD values
- **Logic**: Apply decimal correction to raw BZZ token amounts using the token's decimal configuration. Convert the corrected BZZ amounts to USD using end-of-day price feeds matched by date. Truncate timestamps to daily boundaries and group fees by day, maintaining both the actual chain (Gnosis) and the price lookup chain (Ethereum) for proper processing.
- **Key fields**: `fees` containing the USD-converted daily fee totals, `chain_id` representing the actual chain (Gnosis), `timestamp` truncated to day level

### Component C: Metric finalization
- **Purpose**: Apply standard schema validation and gap filling to create the final fees supply side metric
- **Logic**: Use the finalization macro to ensure proper metric schema compliance, validate chain and product IDs, and fill any missing data points with zeros to maintain continuous time series. Apply chain availability filtering to ensure only supported chains are included in the output.
- **Key fields**: `fees_supply_side` as the final metric value, standardized dimensional fields for chain, product, and time grain

### Final aggregation
- **Combining components**: The final metric directly uses the processed daily fees from the USD conversion step, with no additional aggregation required since fees are already summed by day
- **Currency conversion**: Raw BZZ token amounts are converted to USD using end-of-day price feeds, with proper decimal correction applied before conversion
- **Time aggregation**: Fees are aggregated to daily boundaries using timestamp truncation, with gaps filled using zeros to maintain continuous time series
- **Final calculation**: The fees supply side metric equals the sum of all `totalAmount` fees from `BatchCreated` events plus all `topupAmount` fees from `BatchTopUp` events, converted to USD and aggregated by day

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

Portion of fees distributed to service providers or supply-side participants.

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