Validators process transactions and receive fees from users (supply-side fees).

Stellar is a distributed ledger for transfer and store of value (a blockchain). Stellar was founded by Jed McCaleb launched in 2014.

XLM holders own and govern the protocol. They currently take all of the total transaction fees paid by users (revenue).

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Blockchains (L1)

Stellar

# Stellar Average transaction fee Methodology

## 1. Overview

The Stellar average transaction fee metric measures the mean fee paid per transaction on the Stellar blockchain on a daily basis, expressed in USD. This metric helps assess the cost-efficiency of using the Stellar network and tracks fee trends over time. The calculation divides total daily transaction fees by the total number of transactions executed each day.

## 2. Data sources

The calculation relies on the following data sources:

- **Stellar blockchain transaction records**: Raw transaction data from the Stellar network containing transaction hashes, timestamps, fee amounts (in stroops), success status, source accounts, and operation counts
- **End-of-day token price feeds**: XLM price data used to convert native fee amounts to USD values  
- **Token metadata**: Information identifying XLM as Stellar's native token for fee calculations

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: Daily transaction fee aggregation

- **Purpose**: Extracts and aggregates transaction fees from raw Stellar blockchain data on a daily basis
- **Logic**: Raw Stellar transaction records are filtered to include only successful transactions with non-null `fee_charged` values. Transactions are grouped by day using timestamp truncation. The `fee_charged` field contains fees in stroops (Stellar's smallest unit, where 1 XLM equals 10,000,000 stroops). Daily fee totals are calculated by summing all transaction fees within each day, then converted from stroops to XLM by dividing by 10,000,000
- **Key fields**: `fee_charged` (transaction fee in stroops), `successful` (transaction success status), `block_timestamp` (transaction timestamp)

### Component B: USD fee conversion

- **Purpose**: Converts daily XLM fee totals to USD values using market prices
- **Logic**: The daily XLM fee amounts are converted to USD using end-of-day price feeds through a standardized conversion process. This ensures consistent USD valuation across all metrics and accounts for XLM price fluctuations
- **Key fields**: `fees_native` (daily fees in XLM), converted to `fees` (daily fees in USD)

### Component C: Daily transaction counting

- **Purpose**: Counts the total number of transactions executed on Stellar each day
- **Logic**: Raw Stellar transaction data is processed to count unique transactions per day. Transactions are grouped by daily timestamp buckets, and distinct `transaction_hash` values are counted to determine the total number of transactions executed each day
- **Key fields**: `transaction_hash` (unique transaction identifier), `block_timestamp` (transaction timestamp)

### Final aggregation

- **Combining components**: The daily fee totals (in USD) are joined with daily transaction counts using the timestamp as the common key. An inner join ensures that only days with both fee and transaction data are included in the final calculation
- **Currency conversion**: Fees are already converted to USD in the fee aggregation component using end-of-day price feeds
- **Time aggregation**: All calculations use daily boundaries created by truncating timestamps to day granularity
- **Final calculation**: The average transaction fee is calculated by dividing the total daily fees in USD by the total daily transaction count using safe division to handle cases where transaction count might be zero. Missing days are filled with zero values to maintain data continuity

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

StellarXLM

Average transaction fee

Average transaction fee

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