Validators process transactions and receive fees from users (supply-side fees).

Stellar is a distributed ledger for transfer and store of value (a blockchain). Stellar was founded by Jed McCaleb launched in 2014.

XLM holders own and govern the protocol. They currently take all of the total transaction fees paid by users (revenue).

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Stellar

# Stellar Fees Methodology

## 1. Overview

Stellar fees represent the total transaction fees paid by users on the Stellar network, measured in USD. This metric captures the economic value of network usage by aggregating all transaction fees from successful operations. The calculation converts native fee amounts from stroops (Stellar's smallest unit) to XLM tokens, then applies USD conversion using end-of-day price feeds to provide a standardized measure of fee revenue.

## 2. Data sources

- **Stellar transaction records**: Raw transaction data from the Stellar blockchain containing fee information for all network operations
- **End-of-day token price feeds**: XLM/USD exchange rates used for currency conversion
- **Token metadata**: XLM token configuration including symbol and decimal precision settings

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: Raw fee extraction
- **Purpose**: Extract transaction fees from successful Stellar network operations
- **Logic**: Filters Stellar transaction records to include only successful transactions with non-null fee amounts. Each transaction contains a `fee_charged` field representing the fee paid in stroops (Stellar's base unit where 1 XLM = 10,000,000 stroops). The component aggregates these fees by truncating timestamps to daily boundaries and summing all fees within each day
- **Key fields**: `fee_charged` (transaction fees in stroops), `successful` (transaction status flag), `block_timestamp` (transaction timing)

### Component B: Currency and unit conversion  
- **Purpose**: Convert stroops to XLM tokens and then to USD values
- **Logic**: Applies a two-step conversion process. First, converts stroops to native XLM by dividing `fee_charged` values by 10,000,000 (1e7). Then applies the `convert_to_usd_and_correct_decimals` macro to convert XLM amounts to USD using end-of-day price feeds. The macro handles decimal precision without additional correction since XLM uses standard decimal representation
- **Key fields**: `fees_native` (fees in XLM), converted to `fees_usd` (fees in USD)

### Component C: Metric standardization
- **Purpose**: Apply consistent schema formatting and data quality controls
- **Logic**: Uses the `finalize_metric_fees` macro to standardize the output format with required fields like `market_sector_id` set to 'blockchains_l1' and `business_segment_id` set to 'blockchain'. Implements gap-filling strategy using 'fill_zeros' to ensure continuous daily data series. Validates data integrity and applies chain availability filtering to maintain consistent coverage across time periods
- **Key fields**: `timestamp` (daily aggregation boundary), `chain_id` (set to 'stellar'), `token_address` (set to 'native' for XLM)

### Final aggregation
- **Combining components**: The raw fee extraction provides daily XLM amounts which flow through currency conversion to produce USD values, then through standardization to create the final metric format
- **Currency conversion**: End-of-day XLM/USD exchange rates are applied to convert native token amounts to USD equivalents
- **Time aggregation**: Daily boundaries are established by truncating transaction timestamps to day level, with all fees within each 24-hour period summed together
- **Final calculation**: Total daily fees equal the sum of all successful transaction fees (converted from stroops to XLM, then to USD) for each calendar day on the Stellar network

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

Total value users pay to use a protocol (gross fees, user-paid fees).

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Fees

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