Starknet is a Validity-Rollup (ZK-Rollup) Layer 2 network that operates on top of Ethereum, enabling dApps to massively scale without compromising on security. It achieves this by bundling transactions into an off-chain computed STARK proof. This proof is then submitted to Ethereum as a single transaction, resulting in significantly higher throughput, faster processing times, and much lower costs, all while retaining the robust security of the Ethereum settlement layer.

Starknet aims to be governed by a decentralized, community-driven process centered around STRK token holders. While StarkWare originally developed the technology, the network is transitioning to a completely decentralized model where the broader community makes decisions regarding protocol upgrades, development, and the future of the network.

Starknet is a Layer 2 that uses STARK technology to validate off-chain transactions, enabling unlimited scale while preserving Ethereum's security and decentralization.

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# Starknet Median transaction fee Methodology

## 1. Overview

The Starknet transaction fee median metric calculates the daily median transaction fee paid on the Starknet layer-2 network, expressed in USD. This metric helps assess the typical cost users incur when executing transactions on Starknet, providing insight into network affordability and usage costs. The calculation processes all Starknet transactions, extracts their fees (paid in either WETH or STRK tokens), converts them to USD, and computes the daily median value.

## 2. Data sources

- **Starknet transaction records**: Complete transaction data from the Starknet layer-2 network, including transaction hashes, timestamps, sender addresses, fee amounts, and fee denominations
- **End-of-day token price feeds**: Price data for WETH (Wrapped Ethereum) and STRK (Starknet token) to enable USD conversion of transaction fees
- **Token metadata**: Decimal precision and address information for WETH (`0xc02aaa39b223fe8d0a0e5c4f27ead9083c756cc2`) and STRK (`0xca14007eff0db1f8135f4c25b34de49ab0d42766`) tokens

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: Transaction fee extraction
- **Purpose**: Extracts and standardizes transaction fees from Starknet transactions
- **Logic**: Processes all Starknet transaction records and maps fee information to standardized formats. Transaction fees on Starknet can be paid in two units: WEI (denominated in WETH) or FRI (denominated in STRK). The system maps WEI fees to the WETH token address and FRI fees to the STRK token address. Daily timestamps are created by truncating block timestamps to day boundaries. The `actual_fee_amount` field contains the raw fee amount that needs decimal correction.
- **Key fields**: `timestamp` (daily truncated), `token_address` (WETH or STRK), `fees` (raw fee amount), `actual_fee_unit` (WEI or FRI)

### Component B: USD conversion and decimal correction
- **Purpose**: Converts transaction fees from native tokens to USD with proper decimal handling
- **Logic**: Applies the standard Token Terminal conversion process to transform native token amounts into USD values. Uses end-of-day price feeds to convert WETH and STRK token amounts to USD. Applies decimal correction to ensure proper token amount representation (dividing by appropriate powers of 10 based on token decimals). This step handles the conversion from raw blockchain units to human-readable USD amounts.
- **Key fields**: `fees` (USD-converted fee amounts), `timestamp`, `token_address`

### Component C: Median calculation
- **Purpose**: Calculates the daily median transaction fee across all transactions
- **Logic**: Groups USD-converted transaction fees by day and computes the median using approximate quantiles. Uses the `approx_quantiles` function with 100 buckets and selects the 50th percentile (offset 50) to determine the median value. This approach efficiently handles large volumes of transaction data while providing an accurate median estimate. Groups by timestamp, timestamp grain (day), product_id (null for Starknet), and chain_id (starknet).
- **Key fields**: `transaction_fee_median` (the calculated median value), `timestamp`, `chain_id`

### Final aggregation
- **Combining components**: The final step applies standard Token Terminal metric finalization processes to ensure consistent formatting and data completeness
- **Currency conversion**: All fees are converted to USD using end-of-day price feeds, with proper decimal adjustment for token precision
- **Time aggregation**: Daily boundaries are established by truncating block timestamps to day granularity, ensuring consistent daily median calculations
- **Final calculation**: The median transaction fee represents the 50th percentile of all transaction fees paid on Starknet for each day, providing a robust measure of typical transaction costs that is less sensitive to outliers than arithmetic means

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

StarknetSTRK

Median transaction fee

Median transaction fee

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