Lenders deposit funds into Spark and receive interest payments from borrowers (supply-side fees).

Spark is a non-custodial lending protocol built on Ethereum. Spark’s development team Phoenix Labs was founded in early 2023.

SPK tokenholders own and govern the protocol. They currently take a cut of the total interest paid by borrowers (revenue).

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Lending

Spark

SparkLend | Data breakdown

# Asset transfer count methodology

## 1. Overview

Asset transfer count is defined as the number of user transactions that move assets between addresses. It is utilized to reflect how frequently assets are used for payments, trading, or other onchain activity. The metric is calculated daily for each tracked asset across all supported blockchains. By aggregating these transfer events, a comprehensive view of onchain utility and transactional velocity is provided.

## 2. Data sources

- **EVM chain events**: ERC-20 token transfers, covering EVM-compatible chains (Ethereum, Arbitrum, Base, Polygon, Optimism, and others)
- **Solana instructions**: SPL token transfers
- **Other blockchain events**: Token transfers, withdrawals, and mint events across non-EVM chains (Solana, Aptos, Near, Polkadot Asset Hub, Stellar, and others)
- **Asset metadata**: Token addresses and decimal precision

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: Extract and count raw transfer events

- **Purpose**: Identify and count individual token transfer events on a daily basis for each asset.
- **Logic**: On EVM-compatible chains, ERC-20 token transfers are parsed and counted. On Solana, SPL token transfers are parsed and counted. On Aptos, Near, and Ripple, token transfers and withdrawals are parsed and counted. On Stellar, classic token withdrawals and Soroban token transfers are aggregated. On Sui, token withdrawals and token mint events are aggregated. On Cardano, UTXO withdrawals and token mint events are aggregated. On Polkadot Asset Hub, `Transferred` events from the `assets` pallet are parsed.
- **Key fields**: `token_address`: The unique identifier of the token contract or asset. `block_timestamp`: The timestamp of the transaction block.

### Component B: Daily aggregation and zero-filling

- **Purpose**: Aggregate the daily transfer counts per asset and ensure continuous time-series data.
- **Logic**: The extracted transfer counts are aggregated daily for each token address on its respective chain. For days where no transfer activity is recorded for a tracked asset, the time series is filled with zero values to ensure a continuous daily record.
- **Key fields**: `timestamp`: The day of the activity. `asset_transfer_count`: The daily count of transfers per token on a specific chain.

### Component C: Final aggregation

- **Purpose**: Combine the daily transfer counts across all supported chains for each asset.
- **Logic**: The daily transfer counts from all individual chains are combined. Token addresses are mapped to unique asset identifiers using asset metadata. The final daily asset transfer count is then aggregated across all chains for each asset.
- **Key fields**: `timestamp`: The day of the activity. `asset_transfer_count`: The total aggregated daily transfer count for the asset.

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

Number of transfer transactions involving the asset.

SparkSPK

Asset transfer count

Asset transfer count

Competitive landscape

Chain breakdown