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Blockchains (L1)

Sonic

# Sonic Average fees per user (AFPU) Methodology

## 1. Overview

Average Fees Per User (AFPU) measures the average amount of fees paid per daily active user on the Sonic blockchain. This metric answers the business question "How much does each user contribute in fees on average?" and is calculated by dividing the total daily fees collected by the number of daily active users. The calculation uses a standard Average Revenue Per User (ARPU) methodology where fees represent the "revenue" component.

## 2. Data sources

The AFPU calculation relies on the following raw data sources:
- **Sonic blockchain transaction records**: Complete transaction data from the Sonic blockchain including transaction hashes, sender and recipient addresses, gas usage amounts, effective gas prices, block timestamps, and block numbers
- **End-of-day token price feeds**: Price data for the Sonic native token (`S`) used to convert gas fees from native token amounts to USD values
- **Token metadata**: Information about the Sonic native token including the token address (`0x039e2fb66102314ce7b64ce5ce3e5183bc94ad38`) and symbol (`S`) used for gas fee payments

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: Daily fee calculation
- **Purpose**: Calculate the total fees collected each day on the Sonic blockchain in USD
- **Logic**: Start with raw Sonic transaction records and extract gas usage and effective gas price for each transaction. Calculate the fee amount for each transaction by multiplying `gas_used` by `effective_gas_price`. The `effective_gas_price` is converted from wei units to token units by dividing by 10^18. Aggregate these individual transaction fees to daily totals by truncating `block_timestamp` to day boundaries and summing all fee amounts within each day. Convert the daily fee totals from native Sonic tokens to USD using end-of-day price feeds. Apply incremental processing to handle only recent data changes efficiently.
- **Key fields**: `gas_used` (gas consumed by transaction), `effective_gas_price` (actual gas price paid), `block_timestamp` (transaction timestamp), `fee_amount` (calculated as gas_used × effective_gas_price)

### Component B: Daily active user counting
- **Purpose**: Count the distinct number of users who performed transactions each day
- **Logic**: Extract transaction sender addresses from Sonic transaction records as the user identifiers. Each `from_address` represents a unique user for that transaction. Classify all users as "Transaction sender" user type since they initiated blockchain transactions. Truncate `block_timestamp` to day boundaries to group transactions by day. Count distinct users per day using HyperLogLog (HLL) aggregation to efficiently handle large-scale distinct counting. Create multiple dimensional breakdowns including project-level totals, chain-level totals, user-type-level totals, and product-level totals. Use HLL merge operations to combine counts across different dimensional groupings while maintaining accuracy of distinct user counts.
- **Key fields**: `from_address` (transaction sender as user identifier), `block_timestamp` (transaction timestamp), `user_address` (standardized user identifier), `user_type` (classified as "Transaction sender")

### Final aggregation
- **Combining components**: The AFPU calculation uses the standard ARPU (Average Revenue Per User) methodology where daily fee totals serve as the "revenue" component and daily active user counts serve as the "user" component. The fees data provides USD-denominated daily totals while the user data provides distinct user counts for the same daily periods.
- **Currency conversion**: Gas fees are initially calculated in native Sonic tokens (symbol `S`) and converted to USD using end-of-day price feeds to ensure consistent valuation timing across all calculations
- **Time aggregation**: Both components use day-level time boundaries created by truncating timestamps to day granularity, ensuring alignment between fee totals and user counts for the same time periods
- **Final calculation**: AFPU is calculated by dividing the total daily fees (in USD) by the daily active user count for each day. Days with zero users are filled with zero AFPU values to maintain complete time series data. The result represents the average amount of fees paid per active user on each day of Sonic blockchain activity.

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

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