Scroll batches users' transactions and submits them to Ethereum, paying a share of the transaction fees to Ethereum validators (expense).

Scroll is an L2 smart contract platform for decentralized applications on Ethereum. Scroll was founded by Sandy Peng, Haichen Shen, and Ye Zhang and launched in 2023.

SCR tokenholders own and govern the protocol. Scroll's investors include Polychain, Qiming Venture Partners, etc.

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Scroll

# Scroll Average fees per user (AFPU) Methodology

## 1. Overview

Average fees per user (AFPU) measures the average transaction costs incurred by an individual active user on Scroll over a 24-hour window. This metric is used to evaluate the economic cost of interacting with the network and reflects the affordability of the platform for its users. The calculation incorporates both the execution costs on the Layer 2 network and the security fees required to settle data on Ethereum Layer 1. Average fees per user (AFPU) is denominated in USD to allow for standardized comparisons across different time periods and market conditions.

## 2. Data sources

- **Blockchain events**: Transaction-level records and gas metadata from the Scroll network
- **External data**: End-of-day price feeds for native gas assets
- **Fees**: Derived from the Fees metric
- **Active users (daily)**: Derived from the Active users (daily) metric

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: Active user identification

- **Purpose**: Identify the unique set of participants interacting with the network on a daily basis
- **Logic**: Unique transaction senders are extracted from the transaction records for each 24-hour period. Each unique address is treated as a daily active user.
- **Key fields**: `from_address` (sender identification)

### Component B: Transaction fee extraction

- **Purpose**: Capture the total cost paid by users for network usage
- **Logic**: Gas usage and pricing data are parsed from transaction records. Layer 2 execution fees are calculated by multiplying the gas used by the effective gas price. Layer 1 security fees are extracted from the dedicated Layer 1 fee field. The total fee for each transaction is determined by summing the Layer 2 execution fee and the Layer 1 security fee.
- **Key fields**: `receipt_gas_used`, `receipt_effective_gas_price`, and `receipt_l1_fee`

### Component C: USD normalization and aggregation

- **Purpose**: Convert native gas asset values into a standardized USD denomination
- **Logic**: Fee amounts are normalized by asset decimal precision. These values are then multiplied by the end-of-day price feeds for the native gas asset. The resulting USD values are aggregated to determine the total fees paid across the network for each UTC day.

### Component D: Average fees per user derivation

- **Purpose**: Calculate the final average cost per participant
- **Logic**: The total daily fees in USD are divided by the count of unique active users (daily). This result is processed to ensure data continuity, where any days with missing activity are filled with zero values.
- **Key fields**: `fees` (total daily fees), `user_dau` (active users (daily))

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

ScrollSCR

Average fees per user (AFPU)

Average fees per user (AFPU)

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