Through the use of blockchain and modern APIs, Ripple enables financial institutions who are part of the network, RippleNet, to send money globally, instantly, reliably and for fractions of a penny. RippleNet is built on top of Ripple’s consensus ledger, XRP Ledger (XRPL).

Ripple is the leading provider of crypto-enabled solutions for businesses. Ripple was founded by Chris Larsen and Jed McCaleb and launched in 2012 (previously OpenCoin).

XRP tokenholders own and govern Ripple's consensus ledger 'XRP Ledger' (XRPL). Ripple's investors include a16z, Pantera Capital, Route 66 Ventures, etc.

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XRP Ledger

# XRP Ledger Average fees per user (AFPU) Methodology

## 1. Overview

Average fees per user (AFPU) measures the fees paid per active user over a fixed 24-hour window for XRP Ledger. It is calculated by dividing total daily fees by active users (daily), reflecting how much an individual user pays for the network's services on a daily basis. This metric provides insight into the cost burden per user and the economic efficiency of network usage patterns across both the base layer and decentralized exchange activity.

## 2. Data sources

- **Fees**: Derived from the Fees metric
- **Active users (daily)**: Derived from the Active users (daily) metric

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: Fee aggregation

- **Purpose**: Sum total daily fees across all network activity
- **Logic**: Fees are aggregated from two sources: base layer transaction fees paid in XRP for all transaction types, and trading fees from XRPL AMM swaps calculated as volume multiplied by the pool's trading fee rate. All fees are converted to USD using end-of-day price feeds and summed by day.

### Component B: Active user counting

- **Purpose**: Count distinct active users (daily) across all activity types
- **Logic**: Active users are identified from transaction senders on the base layer and DEX traders interacting with XRPL CLOB or XRPL AMM products. Users are deduplicated using HyperLogLog sketches to produce a unique daily active user count at the project level.

### Component C: AFPU calculation

- **Purpose**: Calculate the average fee burden per active user
- **Logic**: Daily fees are divided by active users (daily) to produce the average fees per user metric. The calculation uses project-level aggregates where all dimensional breakdowns are collapsed to ensure consistent numerator and denominator scope.

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

XRP LedgerXRP

Average fees per user (AFPU)

Average fees per user (AFPU)

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