Collators aggregate parachain transactions block candidates and producing state transition proofs for validators based on those blocks.

Pendulum is a decentralized blockchain for cross-border payments and traditional finance infrastructure powered by Polkadot Relay chain.

PEN holders own and govern the protocol. Pendulum is a subsidiary of SatoshiPay. SatoshiPay's investors include Blue Star Capital, KR1 plc, Stellar Development Foundation, etc.

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Blockchains (L2)

Pendulum

# Pendulum Token holders Methodology

## 1. Overview

The number of unique addresses holding the native PEN asset on Pendulum Substrate is measured by the tokenholders metric. Insight into the adoption and distribution of the native asset is provided by counting all addresses with non-zero asset balances, serving as an indicator of network participation and asset distribution.

## 2. Data sources

- **Blockchain events**: `NewAccount` and `KilledAccount` events, covering Pendulum Substrate

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: Account change tracking

- **Purpose**: To track the net change in active accounts on Pendulum Substrate
- **Logic**: `NewAccount` and `KilledAccount` events are parsed from system events. A value of `1` is assigned to `NewAccount` events, and a value of `-1` is assigned to `KilledAccount` events. These values are summed daily to calculate the net change in active accounts.
- **Key fields**: `block_timestamp` (timing), `event_method` (event type identification)

### Component B: Cumulative tokenholder calculation

- **Purpose**: To calculate the running total of active asset holders over time
- **Logic**: The daily net changes are aggregated cumulatively over time to determine the total number of active accounts. The time series is made continuous by carrying forward the last known value for days without activity. Only records with an asset holder count greater than zero are retained.
- **Key fields**: `timestamp` (daily boundary), `tokenholders` (cumulative count of active accounts)

### Component C: Standardization and finalization

- **Purpose**: To standardize the schema and apply final filters
- **Logic**: The asset holder counts are cast to bignumeric format. The metric is finalized by applying chain availability filters to exclude periods with incomplete data.
- **Key fields**: `tokenholders` (standardized count), `chain_id` (chain identification)

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

Unique addresses holding a non-zero balance of the project's native token.

PendulumPEN

Archived

Token holders

Token holders

Competitive landscape

Chain breakdown