Collators aggregate parachain transactions block candidates and producing state transition proofs for validators based on those blocks.

Pendulum is a decentralized blockchain for cross-border payments and traditional finance infrastructure powered by Polkadot Relay chain.

PEN holders own and govern the protocol. Pendulum is a subsidiary of SatoshiPay. SatoshiPay's investors include Blue Star Capital, KR1 plc, Stellar Development Foundation, etc.

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Blockchains (L2)

Pendulum

# Pendulum Revenue Methodology

## 1. Overview

Pendulum revenue represents the total transaction fees collected by the Pendulum blockchain network on a daily basis, converted to USD. This metric measures the network's fee-generating activity from user transactions, including both base transaction fees and additional tips paid by users. The revenue calculation treats all collected transaction fees as protocol revenue, providing insight into the economic activity and fee generation capacity of the Pendulum network.

## 2. Data sources

- **Pendulum blockchain event logs**: Raw blockchain events from the Pendulum network, specifically `TransactionFeePaid` events that record transaction fee payments
- **End-of-day token price feeds**: Token price data from CoinGecko API for the Pendulum chain token, used for USD conversion of native token amounts

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: Raw fee extraction
- **Purpose**: Extract and process individual transaction fee payments from blockchain events
- **Logic**: Filter Pendulum blockchain event logs to identify all `TransactionFeePaid` events. For each event, parse the event data to extract two key values: the base transaction fee amount from position 1 in the event data array, and the tip amount from position 2. Convert both values from raw blockchain units to decimal format by dividing by 1e12 (12 decimal places). Sum the base `amount` and `tip` for each transaction to calculate the total fees paid per transaction.
- **Key fields**: `block_timestamp` for timing, `amount` for base transaction fee, `tip` for additional user tip, `extrinsic_hash` for transaction identification

### Component B: Daily fee aggregation
- **Purpose**: Aggregate individual transaction fees into daily totals
- **Logic**: Group all processed transaction fees by day using truncated `block_timestamp`. Sum all individual transaction fees (base amount plus tip) within each day to calculate total daily fees collected by the network. Maintain chain identifier as 'pendulum' and product identifier as 'Pendulum Substrate' for proper categorization.
- **Key fields**: `timestamp` (daily), `fees` (aggregated daily total), `chain_id`, `product_id`

### Component C: USD conversion
- **Purpose**: Convert native token fees to USD values for standardized reporting
- **Logic**: Apply USD conversion to daily aggregated fees using end-of-day price data for the Pendulum chain token from CoinGecko. The conversion uses the 'pendulum-chain' identifier to fetch appropriate price data and converts native token amounts to USD values based on the daily closing price.
- **Key fields**: `fees` converted to USD equivalent values

### Component D: Revenue mapping
- **Purpose**: Map transaction fees directly to protocol revenue
- **Logic**: For Pendulum, revenue is defined as the total transaction fees collected by the network. Simply rename the `fees` field to `revenue` to establish this direct mapping, indicating that all collected transaction fees constitute protocol revenue.
- **Key fields**: `revenue` (equivalent to total fees collected)

### Final aggregation
- **Combining components**: The calculation flows linearly through each component without complex joining - raw fees are aggregated daily, converted to USD, and mapped to revenue
- **Currency conversion**: USD conversion applied at the daily aggregation level using end-of-day Pendulum token prices from CoinGecko
- **Time aggregation**: Daily boundaries defined by truncating blockchain timestamps to day level, ensuring consistent 24-hour reporting periods
- **Final calculation**: Final revenue equals the sum of all transaction fees (base amounts plus tips) collected by the Pendulum network each day, converted to USD. The metric includes standardized gap-filling with zeros for days with no fee activity and chain availability filtering to ensure data quality and consistency across the reporting timeline.

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

fees * take_rate (illustrative — revenue is observed directly per project, not derived from take_rate)

Fee revenue retained after supply-side payouts. Before cost of revenue (e.g. L2 DA fees) and before operating expenses.

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Revenue

Revenue

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Chain breakdown