Collators aggregate parachain transactions block candidates and producing state transition proofs for validators based on those blocks.

Pendulum is a decentralized blockchain for cross-border payments and traditional finance infrastructure powered by Polkadot Relay chain.

PEN holders own and govern the protocol. Pendulum is a subsidiary of SatoshiPay. SatoshiPay's investors include Blue Star Capital, KR1 plc, Stellar Development Foundation, etc.

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Blockchains (L2)

Pendulum

# Pendulum Fees Methodology

## 1. Overview

Pendulum fees represents the total daily transaction fees collected by the Pendulum blockchain, measured in USD. This metric captures all fees paid by users for transaction processing on the Pendulum network, including both base transaction fees and optional tips paid to validators. The calculation aggregates daily fee totals from blockchain events and converts them to USD using end-of-day token prices.

## 2. Data sources

- **Pendulum blockchain events**: Raw event logs from the Pendulum blockchain, specifically focusing on `TransactionFeePaid` events that record fee collection
- **End-of-day token price feeds**: CoinGecko price data for the Pendulum native token (`pendulum-chain` identifier) used for USD conversion
- **Token metadata**: Pendulum token configuration including decimal precision (12 decimals) for proper amount calculations

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: Raw fee extraction
- **Purpose**: Extracts individual transaction fee payments from Pendulum blockchain events
- **Logic**: Identifies `TransactionFeePaid` events from Pendulum event logs and parses the fee components. Each event contains structured JSON data with fee amounts stored at specific array positions. The base transaction fee is extracted from `event_data[1]` and any additional tip amount from `event_data[2]`. Both amounts are converted from their raw blockchain format by dividing by 1e12 to account for Pendulum's 12-decimal token precision
- **Key fields**: `block_timestamp` for timing, `amount` (base transaction fee), `tip` (optional additional payment), `extrinsic_hash` for transaction identification

### Component B: Daily fee aggregation  
- **Purpose**: Combines all fee components and aggregates them by day
- **Logic**: Groups all fee data by day using timestamp truncation to daily boundaries. For each day, sums both the base transaction fees (`amount`) and tips (`tip`) to calculate total daily fees collected. The aggregation treats each day as a separate data point and assigns standard identifiers including chain ID as `pendulum` and product ID as `Pendulum Substrate`
- **Key fields**: `timestamp` (truncated to day), `fees` (sum of amount and tip), `chain_id`, `product_id`

### Component C: USD conversion
- **Purpose**: Converts daily Pendulum token fees to USD equivalents
- **Logic**: Takes the daily fee totals denominated in Pendulum native tokens and converts them to USD using end-of-day price feeds from CoinGecko. Uses the `pendulum-chain` token identifier to match against price data. The conversion applies the closing price for each day to that day's fee total, ensuring consistent pricing methodology across time periods
- **Key fields**: `fees` converted to USD equivalent, maintaining all dimension fields

### Final aggregation
- **Combining components**: The calculation flows sequentially through the three components, with each building on the previous stage's output
- **Currency conversion**: USD conversion uses end-of-day CoinGecko price feeds for the Pendulum native token, applied to daily aggregated amounts
- **Time aggregation**: Daily boundaries are determined by timestamp truncation, with each day representing one data point
- **Final calculation**: Daily fees equal the sum of all base transaction fees plus tips for that day, multiplied by the end-of-day USD price of the Pendulum token. The final metric applies zero-filling for days with no fee activity and includes chain availability filtering to ensure data quality standards are met

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

Total value users pay to use a protocol (gross fees, user-paid fees).

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