# Near Protocol Transactions per second Methodology

## 1. Overview

Transactions per second measures the average number of confirmed user transactions added to the blockchain each second. It reflects both the network’s throughput and real-time usage for Near Protocol. This metric provides a standardized view of network activity by normalizing total transaction volume over a fixed temporal denominator.

## 2. Data sources

- **Blockchain events**: Confirmed transaction records from Near Protocol.
- **External data**: Asset metadata for the identification of native Near Protocol assets.

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: Transaction volume aggregation

- **Purpose**: To calculate the total volume of unique transactions processed by the network on a daily basis.
- **Logic**: Transaction records are extracted from the Near Protocol data layer. Unique transaction hashes are identified to ensure duplicate entries are excluded. These unique transactions are then aggregated into daily totals based on the block timestamp, with boundaries defined by UTC days.
- **Key fields**: `transaction_hash` (unique identifier), `block_timestamp` (temporal assignment), and `signer_account_id` (transaction origin).

### Component B: Throughput calculation

- **Purpose**: To convert total daily transaction volume into a per-second rate.
- **Logic**: The sum of unique transactions for each day is divided by the total number of seconds in a standard 24-hour period (86,400 seconds). In instances where data is missing for a specific period, a zero-fill strategy is applied to ensure continuity in the time series.
- **Key fields**: `transaction_count` (daily sum) and the temporal constant for seconds per day.

### Component C: Final normalization and aggregation

- **Purpose**: To ensure data consistency across the protocol's historical record.
- **Logic**: The calculated throughput values are validated against chain availability filters to ensure only confirmed and approved data points are included. Values are cast to a standardized decimal precision to maintain accuracy across the reporting period.

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

Average confirmed user transactions added per second.

Transactions per second

Blockchains (L1)

Validators process transactions and receive validator rewards (supply-side fees).

NEAR Protocol is a smart contract platform for decentralized applications (a blockchain). NEAR Protocol was founded by Alexander Skidanov & Ilya Polosukhin and launched in 2017.

NEAR holders own and govern the protocol. They currently take (burn) all of the total transaction fees paid by users (revenue). NEAR Protocol's investors include a16z, Pantera Capital, Libertus, etc.