Linea batches users' transactions and submits them to Ethereum, paying a share of the transaction fees to Ethereum validators (expense).

Linea is an L2 smart contract platform for decentralized applications on Ethereum. Linea was founded by the ConsenSys team and launched in 2023.

ConsenSys team owns and governs the protocol. ConsenSys's investors include ParaFi Capital, Microsoft, Coinbase Ventures, etc.

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Blockchains (L2)

Linea

# Linea Average fees per user (AFPU) Methodology

## 1. Overview

Average fees per user (AFPU) measures the average amount of fees paid per daily active user on the Linea blockchain. This metric is calculated by dividing the total daily gas fees collected by Linea by the number of unique daily active users. AFPU provides insight into user engagement monetization and helps assess the average value generated per user on the Linea L2 network.

## 2. Data sources

The AFPU calculation relies on the following data sources:
- **Linea transaction records**: Complete transaction data from the Linea blockchain including gas usage, gas prices, sender addresses, and timestamps
- **End-of-day price feeds**: Daily closing prices for ETH to enable USD conversion of gas fees
- **Token metadata**: ETH token information including the hardcoded token address and symbol used for fee calculations

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: Daily active users calculation
- **Purpose**: Count the number of unique users transacting on Linea each day
- **Logic**: Extract the `from_address` field from all Linea transactions and truncate `block_timestamp` to day boundaries. Count distinct addresses per day using HyperLogLog aggregation for efficient processing across multiple dimensions including chain, user type, and product breakdowns. Users are classified as "Transaction sender" type within the "blockchains_l2" market sector and "blockchain" business segment.
- **Key fields**: `from_address` as user identifier, `block_timestamp` for daily grouping, `user_type` set to "Transaction sender"

### Component B: Gas fees calculation  
- **Purpose**: Calculate the total gas fees collected by Linea each day in USD
- **Logic**: For each transaction, extract `gas_used` and `gas_price` fields. Calculate the gas fee by multiplying gas used by gas price, then dividing by 1e18 to adjust for ETH decimal precision. Aggregate these fees by day using timestamp truncation. Convert the ETH-denominated fees to USD using end-of-day ETH price feeds. The hardcoded token address `0xe5d7c2a44ffddf6b295a15c148167daaaf5cf34f` and symbol "ETH" are used for price conversion.
- **Key fields**: `gas_used` for transaction gas consumption, `gas_price` for fee rate, `l2_gas_fees` for calculated daily fees

### Final aggregation
- **Combining components**: The daily fees (in USD) and daily active user counts are joined by timestamp to create matched daily observations
- **Currency conversion**: Gas fees are converted from ETH to USD using end-of-day price feeds with decimal correction applied during the conversion process  
- **Time aggregation**: All data is aggregated to daily boundaries using timestamp truncation to day granularity
- **Final calculation**: AFPU is computed by dividing the total daily fees in USD by the daily active user count. The calculation uses the `calculate_arpu` macro which performs the division operation. Missing days are filled with zeros using the `fill_zeros` strategy to ensure complete time series coverage.

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

LineaLINEA

Average fees per user (AFPU)

Average fees per user (AFPU)

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