IoTeX is the blockchain platform for Real-World AI. Since 2017, its foundational infrastructure has delivered verified, real-time data from the real world to AI systems and decentralized applications. Powering 100+ projects and 40M devices across mobility, robotics, energy, health, and more, IoTeX enables developers to build next-gen AI models and applications that deliver real-world impact. The IoTeX tech stack provides the data, identity, and verification layers to fulfill the surging demand for real-world data in the new AI era. Trusted by partners like Google, Samsung, IEEE, ARM, and Nordic Semiconductor, IoTeX is uniquely positioned to capture the multi-trillion-dollar AI and data economy.

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Blockchains (L1)

IoTeX

# IoTeX Block time Methodology

## 1. Overview

Block time measures the average time interval between consecutive blocks on the IoTeX blockchain, expressed in milliseconds. This metric indicates the blockchain's block production speed and network performance. The calculation analyzes consecutive block timestamps to determine how long it takes, on average, for new blocks to be produced each day.

## 2. Data sources

- **IoTeX blockchain block data**: Raw block records from the IoTeX network containing block timestamps, numbers, gas usage metrics, and base fee information
- **Block metadata**: Block-level information including production timestamps and sequential block numbers used to establish temporal ordering

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: Block data extraction
- **Purpose**: Retrieves raw block information from the IoTeX blockchain and prepares timestamps for interval calculation
- **Logic**: Extracts block timestamps and numbers from IoTeX blockchain block data. Excludes the genesis block (block number 0) since it has an artificial timestamp at the start of Unix time that would skew calculations. Includes additional block metadata like gas usage and base fee information, though these are not used in the block time calculation.
- **Key fields**: `block_timestamp` (when the block was produced), `block_number` (sequential block identifier), `gas_used` (total gas consumed), `base_fee_per_gas` (converted to IOTX units by dividing by 10^18)

### Component B: Temporal sequencing
- **Purpose**: Pairs each block with its immediately preceding block to enable interval calculation
- **Logic**: Orders blocks chronologically by block number and uses a LAG window function to associate each block's timestamp with the timestamp of the previous block. This creates pairs of consecutive blocks needed to calculate time intervals.
- **Key fields**: `block_timestamp` (current block time), `previous_timestamp` (preceding block time), `block_number` (for ordering)

### Component C: Block time calculation
- **Purpose**: Computes the time interval between consecutive blocks
- **Logic**: Calculates the difference between each block's timestamp and its previous block's timestamp using millisecond precision. Truncates block timestamps to daily boundaries for aggregation purposes. Excludes the first block in the sequence since it has no previous timestamp to compare against.
- **Key fields**: `timestamp` (day-truncated block timestamp), `block_time` (interval in milliseconds)

### Final aggregation
- **Combining components**: Block time intervals are grouped by daily boundaries (timestamp truncated to day level)
- **Currency conversion**: No currency conversion required as block time is measured in milliseconds
- **Time aggregation**: Daily aggregation using average function to compute mean block time across all blocks produced each day
- **Final calculation**: The final metric represents the average time in milliseconds between consecutive blocks for each day, categorized as a Layer 1 blockchain metric for the IoTeX network with no specific product categorization

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

avg(block_timestamp - previous_block_timestamp)

IoTeXIOTX

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Block time

Block time

Competitive landscape