IoTeX is the blockchain platform for Real-World AI. Since 2017, its foundational infrastructure has delivered verified, real-time data from the real world to AI systems and decentralized applications. Powering 100+ projects and 40M devices across mobility, robotics, energy, health, and more, IoTeX enables developers to build next-gen AI models and applications that deliver real-world impact. The IoTeX tech stack provides the data, identity, and verification layers to fulfill the surging demand for real-world data in the new AI era. Trusted by partners like Google, Samsung, IEEE, ARM, and Nordic Semiconductor, IoTeX is uniquely positioned to capture the multi-trillion-dollar AI and data economy.

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Blockchains (L1)

IoTeX

# IoTeX Average fees per user (AFPU) Methodology

## 1. Overview

Average fees per user (AFPU) is calculated to represent the average amount of transaction fees paid per active user (daily) on the IoTeX L1 Blockchain, expressed in USD. This metric is used to provide insight into the fee burden per user and to assess the economic efficiency of the network for its user base. The value is calculated by dividing the total daily fees collected by the network by the number of unique active users (daily).

## 2. Data sources

- **Fees**: Derived from the Fees metric
- **Active users (daily)**: Derived from the Active users (daily) metric

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: Daily fees calculation

- **Purpose**: Calculate total fees paid daily on the IoTeX L1 Blockchain in USD
- **Logic**: Gas consumption and pricing data are extracted from all transactions. The EIP-1559 upgrade at block 33730921 is accounted for, where the gas pricing mechanism changed from a fixed gas price to a dynamic effective gas price. Per-transaction fees are calculated as the sum of execution fees (gas used multiplied by effective gas price) plus blob gas fees (blob gas used multiplied by blob gas price). Amounts are normalized by decimal precision to convert from wei to the native asset. Transaction fees are aggregated by day to obtain total daily fees, which are then converted to USD using end-of-day price feeds.
- **Key fields**: `gas_used`, `effective_gas_price`, `gas_price`, `blob_gas_used`, `blob_gas_price`, `block_number`, `block_timestamp`

### Component B: Active users (daily) calculation

- **Purpose**: Count unique active users (daily) on the IoTeX L1 Blockchain
- **Logic**: Transaction senders are identified from transaction records by extracting sender addresses. Addresses are normalized to lowercase for consistent deduplication. Transactions are grouped by day using timestamp truncation, and unique user addresses are aggregated per day to determine the daily active user count.
- **Key fields**: `from_address`, `block_timestamp`, `user_address`

### Component C: Average fees per user calculation

- **Purpose**: Combine daily fees and active users (daily) to calculate the average fees paid per user
- **Logic**: Daily fee totals in USD are joined with active users (daily) by matching on the date dimension. The average fees per user metric is calculated by dividing the total daily fees by the count of active users (daily). The calculation is restricted to data prior to September 28, 2026. Missing days are filled with zero values to maintain complete time series continuity.
- **Key fields**: `fees`, `user_dau`, `afpu`

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

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Average fees per user (AFPU)

Average fees per user (AFPU)

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