Ink batches users' transactions and submits them to Ethereum, paying a share of the transaction fees to Ethereum validators (expense).

Ink is an Ethereum Layer 2 (L2) blockchain built on Optimism's Superchain, focused on providing a secure, scalable infrastructure for Web3 applications.

Kraken team owns and governs the protocol. Kraken's investors include RIT Capital Partners, Hummingbird Ventures, Money Partners Group, etc.

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Blockchains (L2)

# Ink Transactions per second Methodology

## 1. Overview

Transactions per second (TPS) is a key blockchain performance metric that measures the average number of transactions processed per second on the Ink blockchain. This metric provides insight into network throughput and activity levels by calculating the daily transaction volume divided by the number of seconds in a day (86,400). The calculation uses raw blockchain transaction data to count distinct transactions and converts daily counts to per-second averages.

## 2. Data sources

- **Ink blockchain transaction records**: Raw transaction data including transaction hashes, block timestamps, sender and receiver addresses, gas usage metrics, and transaction receipts
- **Transaction receipt data**: Contains gas usage information including `receipt_gas_used`, `receipt_l1_gas_used`, `receipt_l1_gas_price`, `receipt_l1_fee_scalar`, and `gas_price` fields for Layer 2 fee calculation
- **Block timestamp data**: Timestamp information from Ink blockchain blocks to establish transaction timing and daily boundaries

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: Raw transaction data processing
- **Purpose**: Extract and standardize raw Ink blockchain transaction data for analysis
- **Logic**: Process raw transaction records from the Ink blockchain, casting fields to appropriate data types. Each transaction record includes the block timestamp, transaction hash, sender and receiver addresses, gas usage metrics, and fee information. The processing also adds standard token information, setting the token address to the ETH contract address and symbol to 'ETH' for consistency across the platform.
- **Key fields**: `block_timestamp` for timing, `transaction_hash` as unique identifier, `from_address` and `to_address` for transaction participants, and various gas-related fields (`gas_used`, `l1_gas_used`, `l1_gas_price`, `l1_fee_scalar`, `gas_price`)

### Component B: Daily transaction counting
- **Purpose**: Aggregate transaction data to daily counts for TPS calculation
- **Logic**: Group transactions by daily time boundaries using timestamp truncation to day-level granularity. Count distinct transaction hashes to ensure each transaction is counted exactly once, avoiding any potential duplicates in the raw data. The aggregation includes metadata classification, setting `chain_id` to 'ink', `market_sector_id` to 'blockchains_l2', and `business_segment_id` to 'blockchain' for proper categorization.
- **Key fields**: `timestamp` truncated to daily boundaries, `transaction_count` as distinct count of transaction hashes, and classification fields for chain and business segment identification

### Final aggregation
- **Combining components**: The daily transaction counts flow directly from the transaction counting component to the final TPS calculation
- **Currency conversion**: No currency conversion required as this is a count-based metric
- **Time aggregation**: Data is aggregated at daily boundaries, with each day representing a complete 24-hour period from midnight to midnight
- **Final calculation**: Calculate transactions per second by dividing the daily transaction count by the number of seconds in a day (86,400) using safe division to handle any potential zero or null values. The result represents the average transactions per second for that day. Schema validation ensures proper data types and fills any missing time periods with zero values to maintain complete time series data.

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

Average confirmed user transactions added per second.

Ink

Transactions per second

Transactions per second

Competitive landscape

Chain breakdown