Ink batches users' transactions and submits them to Ethereum, paying a share of the transaction fees to Ethereum validators (expense).

Ink is an Ethereum Layer 2 (L2) blockchain built on Optimism's Superchain, focused on providing a secure, scalable infrastructure for Web3 applications.

Kraken team owns and governs the protocol. Kraken's investors include RIT Capital Partners, Hummingbird Ventures, Money Partners Group, etc.

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Blockchains (L2)

# Ink Block time Methodology

## 1. Overview

Block time represents the average time interval between consecutive blocks on the Ink blockchain, measured in milliseconds and aggregated daily. This metric indicates network performance and consensus efficiency by measuring how long it takes for the network to produce each new block. The calculation uses consecutive block timestamps to determine time intervals, then averages these intervals by day to provide a daily block time metric.

## 2. Data sources

- **Ink blockchain block headers**: Raw block data from Ink blockchain nodes containing block timestamps and sequential block numbers
- **Block timestamps**: Precise timestamps indicating when each block was produced on the Ink network
- **Block numbers**: Sequential numbering system for blocks on the Ink blockchain

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: Block timestamp extraction
- **Purpose**: Extract and prepare block timing data from raw Ink blockchain
- **Logic**: Extract `block_timestamp` and `block_number` fields from raw Ink blockchain block data. Cast timestamps to proper timestamp format and block numbers to integers. Exclude the genesis block by filtering out blocks where `block_number` equals 0, as the genesis block has an artificial timestamp at the start of Unix time that would skew calculations
- **Key fields**: `block_timestamp` (when the block was produced), `block_number` (sequential block identifier)

### Component B: Consecutive block pairing
- **Purpose**: Create pairs of consecutive blocks to enable time difference calculations
- **Logic**: Use a lag window function ordered by `block_number` ascending to associate each block with the timestamp of the immediately preceding block. This creates pairs of consecutive blocks where each row contains both the current block timestamp and the previous block timestamp. Filter out the first block since it has no predecessor
- **Key fields**: `block_timestamp` (current block time), `previous_timestamp` (preceding block time), `block_number`

### Component C: Block time interval calculation
- **Purpose**: Calculate the time difference between consecutive blocks
- **Logic**: Calculate the time difference in milliseconds between each block and its predecessor using the `timestamp_diff` function. Truncate block timestamps to daily boundaries using `timestamp_trunc` to prepare for daily aggregation. Each row represents the time it took to produce one specific block
- **Key fields**: `timestamp` (daily boundary), `block_time` (milliseconds between consecutive blocks)

### Final aggregation
- **Combining components**: Group all block time intervals by daily timestamp boundaries and calculate the average block time for each day using the `avg` function
- **Metadata assignment**: Add standardized chain identification fields including `chain_id` as 'ink', `market_sector_id` as 'blockchains_l2', and `business_segment_id` as 'blockchain'
- **Metric finalization**: Process through the `finalize_metric_block_time` macro with 'ink' as data identifier and 'fill_zeros' strategy for missing data handling
- **Chain filtering**: Apply chain availability filtering to ensure data quality and consistency
- **Final calculation**: The final metric represents the average time in milliseconds between consecutive blocks for each day on the Ink blockchain

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

avg(block_timestamp - previous_block_timestamp)

Ink

Block time

Block time

Competitive landscape

Chain breakdown